Ecology and cells

Question 1

What is Ecology?

Answer 1

It is the study of how living organisms interact with each other and their environment.

Question 2

What is the environment?

Answer 2

The environment is the surroundings of the organism.

Question 3

What is the Abiotic factors?

Answer 3

Abiotic factors are non-living components for eg. light, temperature or soil.

Question 4

What is the biotic factors?

Answer 4

The biotic factors are the living opponents for eg. competition, predation, diseases caused by parasites and pathogens.

Question 5

What is a habitat?

Answer 5

It is the natural home of an organism.

Question 6

What is a species?

Answer 6

It is a group of organisms of common ancestry of that closely resembles each other and are normally capable of interbreeding to produce fertile young.

Question 7

What is a population?

Answer 7

A group of organisms of the same kind living in a habitat.

Question 8

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 8

A system formed when different communities interact with one another and their physical environment in a habitat.

Question 9

What is a niche?

Answer 9

The position or role of an organism within an ecosystem.

Question 10

What is a community?

Answer 10

Different populations of organisms living in a habitat.

Question 11

What is a producer ?

Answer 11

Organism which can make their own food.

Question 12

What is a herbivore?

Answer 12

Animals that feed only on plants.

Question 13

What is a carnivore?

Answer 13

Animals that feed on other animals only.

Question 14

What is an omnivore?

Answer 14

Animals that feed on plants and other animals.

Question 15

What is a predator?

Answer 15

Animals that hunt other animals for food.

Question 16

What is a prey?

Answer 16

Animals that are hunted for food.

Question 17

What is a decomposer?

Answer 17

Organisms which break down dead or waste materials into simple substances.

Question 18

What is a food chain?

Answer 18

It shows how energy in the form of food is transferred from one organism to another.

Question 19

Why are producers found at the start of a food chain?

Answer 19

They are found at the start because they are capable of making their own food through photosynthesis?

Question 20

What is the word equation and chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 20

carbon dioxide + water —-> glucose + oxygen

6co2 +6h2o —–> c6h12o6+6o2

Question 21

What is the main source of energy in a food chain?

Answer 21

The sun

Question 22

What is a food web?

Answer 22

It is formed when many food chains linked together.

Question 23

What is the importance of predator-prey relationship?

Answer 23

Predator-prey relationships keep the number of organisms in the ecosystem relatively constant.

Question 24

What can happen if their is a decrease in a certain population?

Answer 24

1. There is an increase in prey population and 2)The predator population decreases or 3. Wouldn’t have to compete with another species for food.

Question 25

What do living things use energy for?

Answer 25

Living things use energy for growth, movement and metabolic processes.

Question 26

How is energy released?

Answer 26

Energy is released from respiration which is lost as heat. It is also lost in faeces and excretory products.

Question 27

Why do food chains rarely exceed four or five trophic level?

Answer 27

Energy decreases ate the feeding stage.

Question 28

What are cells?

Answer 28

cells are the basic unit of structure of all living things.

Question 29

What is an unicellular organism?

Answer 29

Organisms whose body consists of a single cell eg, bacteria.

Question 30

What is a multicellular organism?

Answer 30

Organism body consists of two or more cells eg. humans

Question 31

Animal cell: What is the function of the glycogen granule?

Answer 31

It serves as a critical energy source by providing glucose to tissues throughout the body.

Question 32

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 32

It is partially permeable membranes, allowing certain materials to move in and out of the cell.

Question 33

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 33

It is a jelly-like substance containing many tiny structures. chemical reaction takes place here.

Question 34

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 34

It controls all chemical reactions in the cell and contains chromosomes.

Question 35

What is the function of vacuole?

Answer 35

It stores air, liquid or food in animal cells and is filled with cell sap in plant cells.

Question 36

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 36

They generate the energy that the cell needs.

Question 37

Plant cell: What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 37

It supports a plant cell, gives it a regular shape and holds it together with other plant cells.

Question 38

Plant cell: What is the function of the starch grain?

Answer 38

It stores food which is found only in plant cells.

Question 39

What is the difference between an animal cell and plant cell?

Answer 39

Animal cells have chloroplasts, no cellulose cell wall, contains vacuoles which are small and numerous, the cytoplasm fills the cell, no starch grains in the cytoplasm. Plant cells have chloroplasts, has cellulose cell wall, contains one to few large vacuoles, the cytoplasm is reduced to a thin lining, starch grains are commonly found in the cytoplasm