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Science > Ecology and cells > Flashcards

Ecology and cells Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Ecology?

A

It is the study of how living organisms interact with each other and their environment.

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2
Q

What is the environment?

A

The environment is the surroundings of the organism.

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3
Q

What is the Abiotic factors?

A

Abiotic factors are non-living components for eg. light, temperature or soil.

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4
Q

What is the biotic factors?

A

The biotic factors are the living opponents for eg. competition, predation, diseases caused by parasites and pathogens.

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5
Q

What is a habitat?

A

It is the natural home of an organism.

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6
Q

What is a species?

A

It is a group of organisms of common ancestry of that closely resembles each other and are normally capable of interbreeding to produce fertile young.

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7
Q

What is a population?

A

A group of organisms of the same kind living in a habitat.

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8
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A system formed when different communities interact with one another and their physical environment in a habitat.

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9
Q

What is a niche?

A

The position or role of an organism within an ecosystem.

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10
Q

What is a community?

A

Different populations of organisms living in a habitat.

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11
Q

What is a producer ?

A

Organism which can make their own food.

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12
Q

What is a herbivore?

A

Animals that feed only on plants.

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13
Q

What is a carnivore?

A

Animals that feed on other animals only.

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14
Q

What is an omnivore?

A

Animals that feed on plants and other animals.

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15
Q

What is a predator?

A

Animals that hunt other animals for food.

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16
Q

What is a prey?

A

Animals that are hunted for food.

17
Q

What is a decomposer?

A

Organisms which break down dead or waste materials into simple substances.

18
Q

What is a food chain?

A

It shows how energy in the form of food is transferred from one organism to another.

19
Q

Why are producers found at the start of a food chain?

A

They are found at the start because they are capable of making their own food through photosynthesis?

20
Q

What is the word equation and chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water —-> glucose + oxygen

6co2 +6h2o —–> c6h12o6+6o2

21
Q

What is the main source of energy in a food chain?

A

The sun

22
Q

What is a food web?

A

It is formed when many food chains linked together.

23
Q

What is the importance of predator-prey relationship?

A

Predator-prey relationships keep the number of organisms in the ecosystem relatively constant.

24
Q

What can happen if their is a decrease in a certain population?

A
  1. There is an increase in prey population and 2)The predator population decreases or 3. Wouldn’t have to compete with another species for food.
25
Q

What do living things use energy for?

A

Living things use energy for growth, movement and metabolic processes.

26
Q

How is energy released?

A

Energy is released from respiration which is lost as heat. It is also lost in faeces and excretory products.

27
Q

Why do food chains rarely exceed four or five trophic level?

A

Energy decreases ate the feeding stage.

28
Q

What are cells?

A

cells are the basic unit of structure of all living things.

29
Q

What is an unicellular organism?

A

Organisms whose body consists of a single cell eg, bacteria.

30
Q

What is a multicellular organism?

A

Organism body consists of two or more cells eg. humans

31
Q

Animal cell: What is the function of the glycogen granule?

A

It serves as a critical energy source by providing glucose to tissues throughout the body.

32
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

It is partially permeable membranes, allowing certain materials to move in and out of the cell.

33
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

It is a jelly-like substance containing many tiny structures. chemical reaction takes place here.

34
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

It controls all chemical reactions in the cell and contains chromosomes.

35
Q

What is the function of vacuole?

A

It stores air, liquid or food in animal cells and is filled with cell sap in plant cells.

36
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

They generate the energy that the cell needs.

37
Q

Plant cell: What is the function of the cell wall?

A

It supports a plant cell, gives it a regular shape and holds it together with other plant cells.

38
Q

Plant cell: What is the function of the starch grain?

A

It stores food which is found only in plant cells.

39
Q

What is the difference between an animal cell and plant cell?

A

Animal cells have chloroplasts, no cellulose cell wall, contains vacuoles which are small and numerous, the cytoplasm fills the cell, no starch grains in the cytoplasm. Plant cells have chloroplasts, has cellulose cell wall, contains one to few large vacuoles, the cytoplasm is reduced to a thin lining, starch grains are commonly found in the cytoplasm

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