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Biology Block 1 > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

change in species composition (3)

A

pioneer = change in abiotic conditions/environment
other species colonise
these are better competitors

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2
Q

climax community = stable

A

more species present
more complex food webs
SO change in one condition has little effect on others
since alternative food sources

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3
Q

xerophytes ??????

A

low water retention
sunken stomate reduce transpiration
reduced wp gradient

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4
Q

transects > quadrats

A

series of changes over a distance so there is sampling of each community

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5
Q

SUCCESSION PROCESS

A 
pioneer colonise
change in environment e.g. incr in organic matter
new species arrive and survive
they are better competitors
incr in diversity 
incr in biomass + niches
less hostility = stability
climax
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6
Q

controlling pests w/ biological agents

A 
ADV
specific to one pest
no chemicals in environment
one application due to reproduction
pests dont develop resistance
DISADV
takes time to reduce pest population
pest not completely eliminated
may become pest itself
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7
Q

NEW SPECIES

A

geographical isolation
separate gene pools = no interbreeding
different selection pressures
variation due to mutation so selection for adv allele
reproduction SO change in allele frequency

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8
Q

forest

A

succession and conditions change to favour trees

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9
Q

trees in waterlogged soil

A

roots unable to respire

active transport of minerals stopped

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10
Q

community defintion

A

populations of diff communities in ecosystem

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11
Q

niche defintion

A

specific role played by one specie in ecosystem

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12
Q

drainage leads to elimination of species

A

change in set of conditions

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13
Q

if ecosystem supports few species

A

low diversity in species adapted to extreme environments since they are not suitable conditions

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14
Q

migration

A

more availability food

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15
Q

more complex food webs benefits farmers

A

variety of predators that feed on crop pests

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16
Q

competition types

A 
inter = diff species
intra = within species
17
Q

what limits size of pops in climax community

A 
nutrient availability
no. producers providing energy
light affects photosynthesis
diseases kill weaker organisms
spaces for habitats
competition for light
18
Q

soil nitrate conc increases over time

A

increase in decomposition of species

increase nitrification

19
Q

conservation of greenland

A

made up of species X
species Y outcompetes species X
species Y in removed

20
Q

increase in index of diversity

why?

A

incr in no. species and no. organisms in species

initial environment = hostile
organisms change environment
incr niches
incr species

21
Q

fishing at different depths

A

less interspecific competition for food

22
Q

weird graph with eh correlation

A

ranges overlap? not a sig factor SO other factors involved

correlation not causal

23
Q

chemical agent incr the population

A

pests were resistant

they reproduce and this pop increases

24
Q

respiration experiment - same temp

A

enzymes

respiration

25
Q

‘U’ TUBE EXPERIMENT

seeds in flask and NaOH which absorbs CO2…
… coloured liquid went down

no change with anaerobic respiration

A

O2 taken up by seeds
CO2 absorbed
decrease in pressure

no oxygen taken up no pressure change

26
Q

GPP highest in hot temp

Why is NPP lower in high temp?

A

high temp = increase respiration rate
increase in respiratory loss
NPP = GPP - R

27
Q

extra nutrients

A

growth or fat stores

28
Q

mean expenditure energy higher in cold month

A

more energy lost in march to maintain body temp

29
Q

no oil on birds SO energy used to maintain body temp

How this affects breeding?

A

more energy used for other process
less energy available for breeding
less successful breeding

30
Q

sample randomly

A

avoid
representative data
allow stat tests

31
Q

correlation coefficient

null hypothesis

negative value

A

looking for correlation between two variables

no correlation between X and Y

negative correlation

32
Q

cutting and burning forests and CO2 conc

A

conc increases

cutting - less photosynthesis so no removal of CO2
burning - combustion produces CO2

Biology Block 1 (3 decks)

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