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science > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Ecology

A

Is the study of plants,animals and their environment, and the relationship between them.

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2
Q

The environment

A

Is everything that surrounds an animal or plant (for example air,water,rocks and soil)

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3
Q

Habitat

A

Is the place where a plant or animals live

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4
Q

Community

A

Community is all the different populations that live in the habitat. E.g headgchogs

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5
Q

Interdependence

A

Buttercups depend on bees (for food), bees need buttercups (for pollination)!

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6
Q

Ecosystem

A

All the plants and animals in an area interacting with each other and their environment. E.g desert, tropical rainforest, grassland,seashore

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7
Q

Ecosystem

A

An ecosystem that extends over a very large area called a biome E.g rainforest

All of the earths ecosystems together form one large ecosystem known as the biosphere

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8
Q

Producer

A

Plants that make their own food E.g grass

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9
Q

Consumers

A

Animals that get their food by eating plants or other animals

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10
Q

Herbivore

A

An animal that eats plants only e.g rabbit, sheep

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11
Q

Carnivore

A

An animal that eats other animals only E.g Fox

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12
Q

Omnivore -

A

An animal that eats both plants and animals E.g badger, thrush,blackbird and humans

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13
Q

Decomposer

A

Organisms that feed on dead plants and animals E.g earthworms (decomposers are very important as they break down dead things and release lots of minerals into the soil)

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14
Q

Food chains

A

A food chain shows how one organism eats another and so on.

Food chains must start with green chains.

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15
Q

Feeding levels

A

The position of an organism in the food chain is called its feeding level
The first organism is in the first feeding level
The second organism is in the second feeding level and so on

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16
Q

Feeding levels

A

The amount of energy gets less and less as you go along the food chain

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17
Q

A food web

A

A food web is two or more interconnected food chains

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18
Q

Conservation

A

Is the protection, preservation and careful use of our natural resources. Our natural resource include land, rivers, seas, plants and animals.

If we don’t protect these environment could be destroyed and plants and animals may become extinct

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19
Q

Pollution

A

Is adding unwanted wastes to the environment causing damage to it . If a poisonous waste builds up it may kill a certain plant or animal

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20
Q

Fossil fuels

A

When are burnt they produce gasses called carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide.
These dissolve in rainwater to form carbonic acid and sulfuric acid.

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21
Q

Water pollution

A

Rivers, lakes and seas are polluted by fertilizers, sewage, oil and detergents

Fertilizers seep into rivers and cause to much plant growth, bacteria populations boom as they feed on dead plants and no oxygen is left for fish

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22
Q

How do we deal with waste

A

Burning the waste this can release dangerous gasses into the atmosphere, difficulties with location nobody wants to live near

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23
Q

Landfill

A

Burying the waste in ground - damages soil, rivers and ground water, attracts rodents, disease causing, bad smell, difficulties as nobody wants to live near landfill sites

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24
Q

3rs

A

We need to reduce and recycle to make sure that we do not damage our environment and that future generations will have a nice place to live

Reduce use your own bag, do not pick the items with extra packaging

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25
Q

Recycling

A

Paper, glass, some metals and plastics can be produced or reduced. This deduces damage to the environment

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26
Q

Flowers

A

Is for reproduction and they make seeds, it contains male and women sex organs

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27
Q

Leaf

A

Makes food for the plant
Cools the plant when water vapors passes through it
Allows the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen
Leaf stores food (e.g lettuce)

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28
Q

Fruit

A

Protects seeds, provide food for the seeds.

29
Q

The bud

A

Allows new leaves and flowers to grow

30
Q

Stem

A

The stem allows the transport of food, water and minerals around the plant
It also supports the plant and holds it upright
Stem store food (e.g potato)

31
Q

Roots

A

Anchor and support
Take in water and nutrients
Store food (e.g carrots)

32
Q

Transport in plants

A

These are vessels in a plant, the xylem and phloem

33
Q

Transport in plants

A

Minerals from the soil are dissolved in the water, and so, travel in the xylem also.

34
Q

Transport in plants

A

Water is absorbed up through the roots, and travels to the leaves and the lip of the plant through the xylem

35
Q

Phloem

A

Food from the leaves travels to other parts of the plant in the phloem

36
Q

Transpiration

A

Is the loss of water vapor from the stomata of the leaves

The stomata are little holes on the underside of the leaves

37
Q

Transpiration stream

A

The flow of the water from the roots, up through the plant, and out the leaves is called the transpiration stream

38
Q

Stimulus

A

Is anything that causes a response in an organism

Plants respond to the stimuli of light and gravity

39
Q

Shoots tropism

A

Shoots/stems are positively phototropic negatively geotropic

40
Q

Roots tropism

A

roots are negatively phototropic, positivity geotropic

41
Q

Why is geotropism good

A

It makes sure plant roots travel down to find water and minerals in soil

Having deep roots means the plants is anchored in the soil

42
Q

Why is phototropism good

A

It makes sure plants get enough light for photosynthesis, so that they can make food

43
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Is the process where green plants make food using light energy

44
Q

Chlorophyll

A

A green chemical needed for photosynthesis

45
Q

How are leaves designed for photosynthesis

A

Leaves are flat and thin so sunlight can get through them

Leaves have tiny holes called STOMATA to allow oxygen out and carbon dioxide in

46
Q

Sepal

A

Protects the flower before it blooms

47
Q

Petals

A

Colored and scented to attract insects

48
Q

Male parts

A

Stamen made up of filament and another

49
Q

Filament

A

Holds up another

50
Q

Anther

A

Makes pollen

51
Q

Female parts

A

Carpel, made up of the stigma, style and ovary

52
Q

Ovary

A

Makes the egg or ovule (gamete)

53
Q

Stigma

A

Pollen lands and sticks to it

54
Q

Style

A

Makes a tube for the pollen (male gamete) to travel down to the egg (female gamete)

55
Q

Pollination

A

Is the transfer of the pollen from the stamen (anther) of one plant to the carpel (stigma)

There are 2 types of pollination
Insect pollination
Wind pollination

56
Q

Fertilization

A

Is the fusion of the male gamete nucleus with a female gamete nucleus to form a zygote

57
Q

Zygote

A

When male and female nucleus fuse they form the zygote

The zygote divides and develops into the plant embryo

58
Q

Embryo is made up off:

A

The plumule will be come the plant

The radicle will become the plant

59
Q

Seed and fruit formation

A

After fertilization the fertilized egg becomes the seed

The ovary swells to become the fruit

60
Q

Functions of the fruit

A

Fruit protects the seeds

Fruit allows the seed to be carried away from the plants

Some fruits provide food for the seed to develop

61
Q

2 types of fruit

A

Fruit can be fleshy or dry (strawberries)

62
Q

Seed dispersal

A

Is the way plants spread their seeds around

Seeds need to be carried away from the parent plant so they won’t compete for space ,light, water and minerals

63
Q

Animal dispersal

A

Happens when fleshy fruits are eaten by animals or birds

The seeds unharmed through the animal and come out in feaces sometimes else

64
Q

Wind dispersal

A

Happens when the seeds are carried on the wind

Examples parachute

65
Q

Self dispersal

A

Some plants explode to release their seeds

Example pea pods

66
Q

Water dispersal

A

When plants produce seeds to float away

Example water lillies

67
Q

Germination

A

Is the growth of seeds into a new plant

Seeds need water, oxygen and heat to germinate

The young plant initially gets its food from the seed

Once the shoot develops green leaves can make its own food

68
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Involves only one parent

Tulips and daffodils make bulbs, which can be planted to make new plants

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