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Biology Final... Dun Dun Dun.. > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The study of the relationship between living things and their environment

A

Ecology

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2
Q

A group of similiar organisms which interbreed

A

Species

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3
Q

All the members of a species in a particular area

A

Population

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4
Q

All the species of all living things in a particular area

A

Community

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5
Q

The living community plus the non-living environment

A

Ecosystem

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6
Q

Anywhere something is living

A

Biosphere

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7
Q

Can be divided into various trophic levels or the ways organisms get food energy.

A

Community

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8
Q

1st Level: Obtain food energy by photosynthesis

A

Producers

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9
Q

2nd level: Consume Producers

A

Herbivores

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10
Q

3rd Level: Consume the herbivores

A

Carnivores

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11
Q

4th Level: Top of food chain (not eaten)

A

Top Carnivores

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12
Q

Bacteria and fungi are known as…

A

Decomposers

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13
Q

The breakdown of the dead organic matter which releases vital elements is done by what organism?

A

Bacteria and Fungi

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14
Q

The breakdown of the dead organic matter which releases vital elements is called what?

A

Recycling

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15
Q

The weight of living material

A

Biomass

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16
Q

What is formed when we arrange the biomasses of the various trophic levels in order?

A

Biomass Pyramid

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17
Q

What happens to the biomass of each new teir as you get less inclusive?

A

Biomass reduces due to energy is lost as it is transfered from organism to organism.

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18
Q

A reduction in ___% happens from one biomass teir to the next.

A

10% reduction.

10,000—1,000—-100——10

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19
Q

Name the 5 teirs of biomass pyramid. (*Easier to read from bottom up)

A

1) Producers
2) Herbivores
3) 1st Carnivore
4) 2nd Carnivore
5) Top (Tertiary) Carnivore

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20
Q

Vital elements in an ecosystem are ___ but ___ is not.

A

Recycled; Energy

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21
Q

The transfer of energy through a series of specific organisms

A

Food Chain

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22
Q

A combination of food chains interlocked

A

Food Web

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23
Q

The 1st two trophic stages in aquatic food chain will be…

A

Microscopic

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24
Q

Name 4 non-living vital elemnts in nature

A

Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Calcium, Magnesium

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25
Q

Circular paths of elements passing back and forth between organism and the environment

A

Biochemical Cycles

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26
Q

Name 3 types of Biogeochemical Cycles

A

1) Hydrogen Cycle
2) Atmosperic Cycle
3) Sedimentary Cycle

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27
Q

Oxygen and Hydrogen move in the form of -water molecules-

A

Hydrogen Cycle

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28
Q

Large portion of the element occurs as a -gas- (ex. N & C)

A

Atmospheric Cycle

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29
Q

Elements move form land to seafloor and return to land by geological uplift.
(Ex. Phosphorus)

A

Sedimentary Cycle

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30
Q

Which cycle is the easiest to disrupt by man due to rate of erosion can easily be increased (Ex. Construction)

A

Sedimentary Cycle

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31
Q

3 parts of the Water cycle

A

1) Evaporation
2) Precipitation
3) Transpiration

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32
Q

Ocean to Clouds

A

Evaporation

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33
Q

Clouds to Land

A

Precipitation

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34
Q

Plants to Clouds

A

Transpiration

35
Q

Which exceeds which?

(Precipitation vs. Evaporation)

A

Evaporation exceeds Precipitation

36
Q

Within the Carbon Cycle, ______ removes Carbon Dioxide from atmosphere

A

Photosythesis

37
Q

Carbon Dioxide is a ________

A

Green House Gas

Ability to thicken atmosphere

38
Q

Within Nitrogen Cycle, plants can absorb…

A

Ammonium Ions (NH4+) & Nitrates (NO3-)

39
Q

Within Nitrogen Cycle, Nitrofying bacteria convert ____ to ____.

A

Ammonium (NH4+) to Nitrate (NO3-)

40
Q

Within Nitrogen Cycle, Denitrifying Bactria make ______ into ______.

A

Nitrate (NO3-) into N2 in Atmosphere

41
Q

The Nitrogen Cycle Goes from…..

A

NH4+ —- NO3- ——– N2

42
Q

Within the Phosporus Cycle, What releses Phosporus into the environment?

A

Weathering of rocks

43
Q

Within the Phosporus Cycle, Erosion……..

A

removes and distributes phosporus to the land ecosystem the runnoff to the ocean.

44
Q

Within the Phosporus Cycle, What is the first organism to eat Phosporus to start the link in animals?

A

Plankton

45
Q

Plankton eat phosporus, then Fish eat them, then Marine Birds eat fish…. What does this eventually create?

A

The Link between ocean and land for Phosporus.

46
Q

What charge is the soil?

A

Negatively Charged

47
Q

The place where organisms live refers to…

A

Habitat (Caves, Hole in tree, Pond)

48
Q

The role the species plays in the environment

A

Niche

49
Q

Components of one’s Niche include….

A

Habitat, Trophic level, Nutrients required, Breeding, Type of Preditors, Territorial defenses, Symbiotic Relationships.

50
Q

Each species in an ecosystem represents its own seperate….

A

Niche. Which can be Broad or Narrow

51
Q

Narrow niche

A

Means fewer options a species has, equals the more suscepitable they are to changes.

52
Q

Broad Niche

A

Means more options a species has, equals the less suscepitable they are to changes.

53
Q

of species in a community describes its

A

Diversity

54
Q

___ Hbitats = ___ Species = ___ Diversity

A

*More

55
Q

Most equal # of different species within the habitats

A

= Best, Most diverse Habitats

56
Q

When diversity is reduced…

A

Recycling and energy flow in the ecosystem are reduced.

57
Q

What results when a niche component is in short supply & 2 organisms have the same requirements for this niche component?

A

Fight to the Death!! (Competition)

58
Q

Competion between same species

A

Infraspecific Competition

59
Q

What is a major force in natural selection

A

Competition

60
Q

Competition between different species for resource, where one may be completely eliminated

A

Interspecific Competition

61
Q

Do closely related species that have similiar niches usually choose to live side by side?

A

No, Veer away from competition until absolutly nessessary.

62
Q

Instead of competitionin nature for resources, what does the weaker organism do?

A

Adjust their Niche to something available in habitat.

63
Q

Organisms adjusting their Niche to something available in habitat.
(Dropping nuts from great height for uneaten hard shelled nuts in habitat)

A

Resource Partitioning

64
Q

Prey animals _______ against preditors in natural environments.

A

Evolve Defenses

65
Q

Do preditors also evolve to be better preditors?

A

Yes

66
Q

Prey and preditors both evolve to gain the upper hand in natural environment, Includes host-parasite relationships. This is description of…

A

The Coevolution Preditor/Prey relationship.

67
Q

An environmental factor that regulates the size of a population.

A

Limiting Factor

68
Q

An Organismal factor that regulates the size of a population.
(Ex. Preditation,Competition)

A

Biological Factor

69
Q

Change in community with time

A

Succession

70
Q

Within Succession, new species are

A

Added & Old ones are Eliminated

71
Q

1st species to invade an area

A

Pioneer Species

72
Q

Most common Pioneer species?

A

Plants

73
Q

An organism that is characteristic of a certain stage of succession. (Think different species of clam on rock cliff over time of water tides)

A

Index Species (Zones)

74
Q

A community that does not change over time

A

Climax community

75
Q

2 types of Succession

A

1) Primary Succession

2) Secondary Succession

76
Q

Begins in an area with no previous life

New Lava Rock

A

Primary Succession

77
Q

Begins in an area that once had life

Abandoned Field

A

Secondary Succession

78
Q

Within Trends of Succession, Diversity of plants and animals…

A

Increase

79
Q

Within Trends of Succession, Production by photosynthesis becomes…

A

Balanced by consumption over time.

80
Q

Within Trends of Succession, the recycling of elements…

A

Become more efficient

81
Q

The Climax Community is characterized by…

A

Great diversity and recycling reaches maximum efficiency. “Perfection”

82
Q

The ability to support life

A

Productivity

83
Q

Level of Productivity is determined by Levels of…

A

Photosynthesis

84
Q

Concentration of a contaminant at each trotophobic level.

A

Biological Magnification

Biology Final... Dun Dun Dun.. (2 decks)

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