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Biology > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is ecology?

A

The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their physical environment.

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2
Q

What is a species?

A

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

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3
Q

What is a population?

A

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.

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4
Q

What is a community?

A

Different populations that belong to the same species and live in the same area.

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5
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

All of the organisms that live in a place together with their physical environment,

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6
Q

What is a biome?

A

A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms

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7
Q

What is a biosphere?

A

All life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists. (Land, Water, The atmosphere)

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8
Q

How far does the biosphere extend?

A

Extends from 8 kilometers above Earths surface to 11 kilometers below the surface of the ocean.

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9
Q

What is Biotic? Examples?

A

A biotic factor is any living part of the environment with which organisms might interact. (Animals, Plants, Mushrooms, Bacteria, Biological Influences on organisms)

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10
Q

What is Abiotic? Examples?

A

Non living part of the environment. Sunlight heat water currents soil type precipitation Humidity and Wind.

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11
Q

What are the three ecological methods?

A

Observation, Experimentation, and Modeling

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12
Q

what do organisms need energy for?

A

Growth, reproduction, and their own metabolic processes

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13
Q

How can organisms get energy and what can they not do?

A

They can’t create energy. They can only get energy from other sources,

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14
Q

What are the two types of energy?

A

Sunlight (Thermal) the ultimate

Chemical also a good source.

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15
Q

What are autotrophs? How do they feed themselves? How do they store organic molecules?

A

Use solar energy to make organic molecules from inorganic compounds.
They use organic molecules to feed themselves.
They store the organic molecules in forms that make it avaliable to other organisms that eat them.

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16
Q

Examples of Primary Producers

A

Plants, Microscopic Organisms, Algae,

17
Q

What are the two types of autotrophs?

A

Energy from photosynthesis

Energy from chemosynthesis

18
Q

What does the biogeochemical cycle involve? and what is it

A

Biolgical process, GEological cycle, Chemical Process, and Human Activity. As matter moves through these cycles it is transformed but never created or destroyed.

19
Q

What is biological processes? Examples…

A

Any and all activities performed by living organisms» Eating, Breathing, Metabolism “Burning food”, Eliminating waste products.

20
Q

Geological Processes? Examples..

A

Volcanic Eruptions, formation and breakdown or rocks, Major movements of matter withing and below the Earth (earthquakes)

21
Q

Human Activity?

A

Mining and burning of fossil fuels
The clearing of land
The burning of forests
Manefactyre and use of fertilizers.

22
Q

Chemical/Phys processes

A

Formation of clouds
The flow of running water
The action of lightening

23
Q

what is denitrification?

A

Other bacteria obtain energy by converting nitrates back into nitrogen gas which is then rekeased into the atmosphere

24
Q

what is weather?

A

the day to day conditions of earths atmosphere

25
Q

what is climate and some of its characteristics?

A

PAtterns of temperature and precipitation.
Its rarely uniform over a region, The mountains have a different micro climate than the Piedmont, Brevard is a temperate rainforest getting an average of 62 inches of rain in one year the average rainfall in the Us 39 inches per year.

26
Q

What are factors that affect climate?

A

SOlar energy trapped in the biosphere, LAtitude, and the transport of heat by winds and ocean currents.

27
Q

Process of solar energy and the greenhouse effect

A

Sunlight hits earths surface>”70% is absorbed as thermal energ”> 61 % is radiated to space> 64% is radiated off clouds>REFLECTED BACK INTO SPACE

28
Q

What does the balance between heat that stays in the biosphere and heat lost to space determine? What is it largely controlled by?

A

The earths average temperature. Largely controlled by concentration of 3 gases found in the atmosphere.

29
Q

What are the greenhouse gases

A

Carbon DIoxide
Methane
Water Vapor

30
Q

What does the greenhouse effect do?

A

-allows visible light to enter
-Traps heat
-

31
Q

What happens if the gas concentration rises? IF it lowers?

A

More heat is trapped and the Earth warms. More heat escapes and the Earth cools.

32
Q

Where does sunlight strike directly all year long?

A

Near the equator in the tropical zone.

33
Q

Where is the tropical zone located

A

23.5 degrees north of the equator and 23.5 degrees south of the equator

Biology (3 decks)

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