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Grade 9 Science > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Steady state is reached when…

A

Number of organisms in a population is just less than the carrying capacity

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2
Q

Abiotic factors that effect populations

A
  • light
  • temp
  • chemical environment
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3
Q

Biotic factors that affect the population

A
  • food
  • number of predators
  • diseases
  • ability to compete
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4
Q

Biotic potential

A

Max number of offsprings that a species could produce if resources were unlimited

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5
Q

4 important factors of biotic potential

A
  • birth potential
  • capacity for survival
  • procreation
  • length of reproduction life
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6
Q

Formula for growth rate

A

births-deaths+immigration -emigration

Divided by initial population size

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7
Q

Density dependant factors

A

Those that have an increase or decrease depending on the number of organisms in an area

Ex: predation, disease, food

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8
Q

Density independent factors

A

Those that affect the population regardless of the population density

Ex: climate, human intervention, natural disasters

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9
Q

Population size changes due to:

A

Natality (births)
Mortality (deaths)
Immigration (move INTO a population)
Emigration (move OUT of population)

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10
Q

Bio accumulation

A

Some pesticides are insoluble in water. These toxins cannot be released from the body in sweat or urine. Toxins build up in fatty tissue.

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11
Q

Bio amplification

A

Pesticides in organisms in the lower food chain pass their toxins to their consumers

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12
Q

Types of pesticides

A

Herbicide
Insecticides
Fungicides

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13
Q

Pesticides are useful because…

A
  • Prevent damage to crops
  • top spread of disease
  • prevent disintegration of products
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14
Q

Biosphere

A

Where life exists

- biomes create biosphere

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15
Q

Organic substances

A

Always contain atoms of carbon and hydrogen

Occasionally oxygen and nitrogen

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16
Q

Water cycle

A

Transpiration -water vapour from trees

Evaporation-water vapour from bodies of water

Respiration- water vapour from breathing

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17
Q

Carbon cycle

A
  • plants use carbon dioxide in photosynthesis
  • cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide back in to environment
  • decomposition
  • fuel burning
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18
Q

Reservoirs for inorganic carbon

A

Atmosphere

Ocean- co2 reacts with sea water to form carbonates
- combine with calcium to form shells

Earth’s crust - sediments

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19
Q

Reservoirs for organic carbon

A
  • in bodies of living things

- decomposition

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20
Q

Human impact of carbon

A
  • mining
  • burning fossil fuels
  • burning forests
  • clearing vegetation
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21
Q

Nitrogen cycle

A

Nitrogen in atmosphere (N2)

Useful nitrogen is in form of nitrate ion (NO3) called Nitrogen fixation

Absorbed by plants

Decaying plants and animals (ammonia)

Denitrification

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22
Q

Nitrogen fixation occurs in

A

Lightning and bacteria

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23
Q

Soils are…

A
  • Essential in ecosystem
  • part of
    Lithosphere
  • depended by animals and plants
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24
Q

Soil profile

A

Top soil

Sub soil

Bed rock

Water table

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25
Q

Top soil contains

A

Humas

Rocks

Organisms

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26
Q

Sub soil is

A

Compact

Little organic matter

Large rocks

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27
Q

Bed rock is

A

Bottom profile

Solid rock

Water can not pass through

28
Q

Water table

A

Sits on top of bed rock

29
Q

Types of soil

A

Loam

Clay

Sandy soil

30
Q

What does food do

A

Energy

Building material for growth and repair

Material essential for some chemical processes

31
Q

Cellular respiration equation

A

Glucose+Oxygen - Carbon dioxide+Water+Energy

32
Q

What is Photosynthesis

A

Plants take carbon dioxide and water from environment and produce glucose

33
Q

Photosynthesis word equation

A

Carbon dioxide+Water+Light energy -Glucose+Oxygen

34
Q

Photosynthesis chemical equation

A

6CO2+6H2O+Light energy -

C6H12O6 + Oxygen

35
Q

Photosynthesis takes place in the

A

Chloroplast

36
Q

Parasitism

A

2 organisms of different species

One benefits, one is harm

37
Q

Commensalism

A

2 organisms of different species

Neither harmed or benefits

38
Q

Mutualism

A

2 organisms of different species

Both benefits

39
Q

Invasive species

A

Non-native species that cause harm to ecosystem

40
Q

Extinction

A

End result of a species because they failed to adapt to its environment

41
Q

5 causes of extinction

CHOIP

A

Habitat change

Over exploitation

Pollution

Invasive species

Climate change

42
Q

Respiration

A

Process by which molecules such as glucose are broken down to release energy

43
Q

Cellular respiration chemical equation

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6CO + 6H2O

+ energy

44
Q

Mimicry

A

One species looks alike to another species

45
Q

Niche

A

Interaction of a species with its ecosystem

46
Q

Habitat

A

Physical environment of an organism

47
Q

Species

A

Group of similar organisms in an Eco system

48
Q

Decomposers

A

Organisms which break down organic matter

49
Q

Detrivores

A

Consumers that feed on organic matter

50
Q

Parasite

A

Organisms that live in/on the host and obtains nutrients from the host

51
Q

Prey

A

Animal being hunted

52
Q

Predator

A

Animals that are hunting

53
Q

Consumers

A

Organisms that eat other organisms to obtain energy

54
Q

Producers

A

Organisms that make their own food from photosynthesis

55
Q

Biosphere

A

Part of the planet where life lives

56
Q

Biomes

A

A large geographical area containing similar organisms

57
Q

5 major CANADIAN biomes

A

Tundra

Deciduous forest

Boreal forest

Coniferous forest

Grassland

58
Q

Ecosystem

A

A complex system of the interactions between loving and non living things

59
Q

Community

A

Made up of populations of different species, interacting with one another

60
Q

Population

A

A group of the same species in an area

61
Q

System

A

Ways organisms interact with each other

62
Q

Biodiversity

A

Different types of organisms

63
Q

Sustainability

A

Populations of organisms are able to interact and reproduces effectively

64
Q

Planetary stewardship

A

Taking person responsibility for the management of your actions

65
Q

Environment

A

The relationships between living and non living things

66
Q

Carrying capacity

A

Max numbers of individuals of a species that can be supported indefinitely by an ecosystem

Grade 9 Science (2 decks)

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