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Grade 9 Science > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Steady state is reached when…

A

Number of organisms in a population is just less than the carrying capacity

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2
Q

Abiotic factors that effect populations

A
  • light
  • temp
  • chemical environment
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3
Q

Biotic factors that affect the population

A
  • food
  • number of predators
  • diseases
  • ability to compete
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4
Q

Biotic potential

A

Max number of offsprings that a species could produce if resources were unlimited

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5
Q

4 important factors of biotic potential

A
  • birth potential
  • capacity for survival
  • procreation
  • length of reproduction life
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6
Q

Formula for growth rate

A

births-deaths+immigration -emigration

Divided by initial population size

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7
Q

Density dependant factors

A

Those that have an increase or decrease depending on the number of organisms in an area

Ex: predation, disease, food

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8
Q

Density independent factors

A

Those that affect the population regardless of the population density

Ex: climate, human intervention, natural disasters

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9
Q

Population size changes due to:

A

Natality (births)
Mortality (deaths)
Immigration (move INTO a population)
Emigration (move OUT of population)

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10
Q

Bio accumulation

A

Some pesticides are insoluble in water. These toxins cannot be released from the body in sweat or urine. Toxins build up in fatty tissue.

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11
Q

Bio amplification

A

Pesticides in organisms in the lower food chain pass their toxins to their consumers

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12
Q

Types of pesticides

A

Herbicide
Insecticides
Fungicides

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13
Q

Pesticides are useful because…

A
  • Prevent damage to crops
  • top spread of disease
  • prevent disintegration of products
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14
Q

Biosphere

A

Where life exists

- biomes create biosphere

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15
Q

Organic substances

A

Always contain atoms of carbon and hydrogen

Occasionally oxygen and nitrogen

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16
Q

Water cycle

A

Transpiration -water vapour from trees

Evaporation-water vapour from bodies of water

Respiration- water vapour from breathing

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17
Q

Carbon cycle

A
  • plants use carbon dioxide in photosynthesis
  • cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide back in to environment
  • decomposition
  • fuel burning
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18
Q

Reservoirs for inorganic carbon

A

Atmosphere

Ocean- co2 reacts with sea water to form carbonates
- combine with calcium to form shells

Earth’s crust - sediments

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19
Q

Reservoirs for organic carbon

A
  • in bodies of living things

- decomposition

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20
Q

Human impact of carbon

A
  • mining
  • burning fossil fuels
  • burning forests
  • clearing vegetation
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21
Q

Nitrogen cycle

A

Nitrogen in atmosphere (N2)

Useful nitrogen is in form of nitrate ion (NO3) called Nitrogen fixation

Absorbed by plants

Decaying plants and animals (ammonia)

Denitrification

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22
Q

Nitrogen fixation occurs in

A

Lightning and bacteria

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23
Q

Soils are…

A
  • Essential in ecosystem
  • part of
    Lithosphere
  • depended by animals and plants
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24
Q

Soil profile

A

Top soil

Sub soil

Bed rock

Water table

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25
Top soil contains
Humas Rocks Organisms
26
Sub soil is
Compact Little organic matter Large rocks
27
Bed rock is
Bottom profile Solid rock Water can not pass through
28
Water table
Sits on top of bed rock
29
Types of soil
Loam Clay Sandy soil
30
What does food do
Energy Building material for growth and repair Material essential for some chemical processes
31
Cellular respiration equation
Glucose+Oxygen - Carbon dioxide+Water+Energy
32
What is Photosynthesis
Plants take carbon dioxide and water from environment and produce glucose
33
Photosynthesis word equation
Carbon dioxide+Water+Light energy -Glucose+Oxygen
34
Photosynthesis chemical equation
6CO2+6H2O+Light energy - | C6H12O6 + Oxygen
35
Photosynthesis takes place in the
Chloroplast
36
Parasitism
2 organisms of different species One benefits, one is harm
37
Commensalism
2 organisms of different species Neither harmed or benefits
38
Mutualism
2 organisms of different species Both benefits
39
Invasive species
Non-native species that cause harm to ecosystem
40
Extinction
End result of a species because they failed to adapt to its environment
41
5 causes of extinction | CHOIP
Habitat change Over exploitation Pollution Invasive species Climate change
42
Respiration
Process by which molecules such as glucose are broken down to release energy
43
Cellular respiration chemical equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6CO + 6H2O | + energy
44
Mimicry
One species looks alike to another species
45
Niche
Interaction of a species with its ecosystem
46
Habitat
Physical environment of an organism
47
Species
Group of similar organisms in an Eco system
48
Decomposers
Organisms which break down organic matter
49
Detrivores
Consumers that feed on organic matter
50
Parasite
Organisms that live in/on the host and obtains nutrients from the host
51
Prey
Animal being hunted
52
Predator
Animals that are hunting
53
Consumers
Organisms that eat other organisms to obtain energy
54
Producers
Organisms that make their own food from photosynthesis
55
Biosphere
Part of the planet where life lives
56
Biomes
A large geographical area containing similar organisms
57
5 major CANADIAN biomes
Tundra Deciduous forest Boreal forest Coniferous forest Grassland
58
Ecosystem
A complex system of the interactions between loving and non living things
59
Community
Made up of populations of different species, interacting with one another
60
Population
A group of the same species in an area
61
System
Ways organisms interact with each other
62
Biodiversity
Different types of organisms
63
Sustainability
Populations of organisms are able to interact and reproduces effectively
64
Planetary stewardship
Taking person responsibility for the management of your actions
65
Environment
The relationships between living and non living things
66
Carrying capacity
Max numbers of individuals of a species that can be supported indefinitely by an ecosystem

Grade 9 Science (2 decks)

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