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Ecology > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

ecology

A

Study of the Interactions between Organisms and the Nonliving Components of their Environment

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2
Q

Population

A

all the organisms of the same species living in one place at one time

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3
Q

Community

A

all of the populations in one area at one time

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4
Q

Habitat

A

the physical location of the community

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5
Q

Ecosystem

A

All organisms and the non-living environment in an area

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6
Q

Diversity

A

measure of the number of different species there are and how common each species is

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7
Q

Niche

A

an organism’s role in the community (like a job)

It includes the way an organism interacts with its environment

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8
Q

Generalists

A

species with broad niches, they can tolerate many conditions and use many resources (ex cats, deer, roaches)

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9
Q

Specialists

A

Species that have narrow Niches, they can only tolerate certain conditions. (ex. Koala and Panda)

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10
Q

competition

A

two species or organisms struggling for the same resource (- and -)

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11
Q

mutualism

A

two species cooperating (+ and +)

ex. bees and flowers, hippos and fish

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12
Q

Symbiosis

A

organisms living in a close relationship

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13
Q

commensalism

A

one species benefits from another, the other species is not affected (+ and no affect)

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14
Q

predation

A

one species hunting and eating another (+ and -)

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15
Q

parasitism

A

one species benefits from another, the other species is harmed (+ and -)

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16
Q

Producers- (autotrophs)

A

make their own energy, Turn the suns energy into a form other organisms can obtain

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17
Q

Consumers- (heterotrophs)

A

Get energy through eating or absorption

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18
Q

Trophic Level

A

A group of animals that get their energy from the

same source

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19
Q

Decomposers / Detritivores

A

Scavengers
They eat dead and/or decaying matter
Ex. vultures, crab, maggots, dung beetle, bacteria

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20
Q

Energy Pyramid

A

Only 10% of the energy passed up trophic levels makes it to the next level

21
Q

Population Density

A

The number of organisms in a population per unit area

22
Q

Growth Rate

A

Change in population size over time

Positive growth rate- population is increasing
Negative growth rate- population is decreasing
Zero growth rate- population size is not changing

23
Q

Logistic Growth

A

Starts out exponential, but levels off at a certain population size (S-curve)

24
Q

Exponential Growth

A

Population will increase exponentially (J-curve)

Not realistic because as population increases resources become limited. (ex food shortage)

25
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

the maximum population size an ecosystem can support, leveling off point

26
Q

R-selected species

A

reproduce fast, have many young, develop quickly. (rabbits)

27
Q

K-selected species

A

reproduce steadily, have few young develop slowly. (kangaroos)

28
Q

Density Dependant Factors

A

Factors that have a greater influence on population size as the population increases

Generally biotic factors

Ex. competition, predation, parasitism, crowding stress

29
Q

Density Independent Factors

A

Factors that have an impact on population size regardless of what the population size is.

Generally abiotic factors

Ex. weather, fires, drought, human activities

30
Q

Succession

A

changing of plant communities

31
Q

Primary succession

A

begins with bare rock from volcanic activity

32
Q

Secondary succession

A

begins with soil from a previous community

ex. Fire -Soil- grass- shrubs-forest

33
Q

Pioneer community

A

first community (ex: moss,grass)

34
Q

Climax community

A

ending community (ex: forest)

35
Q

Demography

A

The study of populations

size, growth, make-up

36
Q

Growth Factors

A 
Increased food production
Increased hygiene (medicine) 
Better shelter (engineering)
37
Q

Age Structure Diagram

A

distribution of ages in a population at a certain time

38
Q

what does a Pyramid shape on age structure diagram indicate

A

faster growth

39
Q

Survivorship curve

A

the percentage of members of a population that are likely to survive to any given age

40
Q

Fertility Rates

A

Average number of children a woman gives birth to in her lifetime

41
Q

Migration

A

Moving of individuals between areas

42
Q

Life Expectancy

A

The average number of years individuals in a population are likely to live

43
Q

Demographic transition

A

Describes how changes in industry have affected growth

44
Q

Infrastructure

A

Basic facilities and services that support a community (water, power, sewer, roads, etc)

Usually lacking in rapidly growing underdeveloped nations

45
Q

Urbanization

A

More developed nations begin moving into concentrated cities for work

Leads to traffic pollution, overcrowding, strain on infrastructure

46
Q

Managing Growth

A

Negative effects of rapid growth has led some nations to limit birth rates (China, India, etc)

Family planning, Economic incentives, or legal punishments

47
Q

Slowing Growth

A

the populations of developed nations are beginning to decrease because they’re more focused on innovation

48
Q

Run Off

A

Water from precipitation flows back into lakes, rivers, streams, ocean, etc

49
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Plants use carbon in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make glucose

Ecology (4 decks)

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