Ecology

Question 1

Define Ecology

Answer 1

the relationship between organisms and their environments

Question 2

Difference b/w Abiotic and Biotic

Answer 2

Abiotic= non living ( weather, temperature, food)
Biotic= living ( Predation, natural selection)

Question 3

Relationship b/w natural selection and ecology

Answer 3

1. individuals vary in traits that effect survival and reproduction ( Fitness)
2. Variation is heritable
3. Fitness correlates with the heritable trait

Question 4

Adaptions result from ecological interaction

Answer 4

Yaad rakhna

Question 5

at what angle is the earth tilted

Answer 5

23.5 degrees

Question 6

How’s sunlight hitting the earth at 30 to 60 degree

Answer 6

low angle of incoming sunlight

Question 7

what ecosystem is found at the equator?

a) tropics
b) Deserts

Answer 7

tropics

Question 8

Why are tropics found at the equator?

Answer 8

large amount of sunlight is received at the equator which creates warmer air and more rainfall ( from equator to 30 N and S)

Question 9

What kind of air is found in the desert areas. explain the phenomenon?

Answer 9

Cool, Dry air
Hot air rises at the equator and cools down which result in the rainfall. The dry air then moves toward the 60 degree N/S, results in less air.

Question 10

Where does Hadley Cell occur?

Answer 10

From the equator to 30 degrees

Question 11

Where does Ferrel Cell occur?

Answer 11

Between 30 and 60.

Question 12

Where does Polar cell occur?

Answer 12

60 and above ( polar regions)

Question 13

At what rate does the earth rotate?

Answer 13

15 degrees/hr

Question 14

Coriolis Effect?

Answer 14

Causes the deflection of wind

Question 15

In what direction does north pole and south pole rotates?

Answer 15

North pole rotates anti-clockwise

South pole rotates clockwise.

Question 16

How does the sun affect ocean currents?

Answer 16

1. Heats the atmosphere, create winds and moving the sea surface through friction
2. alters the density of the ocean surface water directly by changing its temperature or salinity

Question 17

What is Biome?

Answer 17

Broad scale patterns of distribution of plants and amimals

or in other words Terrestrial Ecosystems

Question 18

What are the 2 major abiotic factors responsible for vegetations in different environments?

Answer 18

Temperature and Precepitation ( Rain fall, snow fall)

Question 19

Which of these terms defines how the organism allocates resources to growth, reproduction, and activities or structures related to survival?

1. survivorship
2. demography
3. energy budget
4. life history

Answer 19

Life History

Question 20

What’s a Cohort?

Answer 20

A group of Individuals from the same group, from birth until they are all dead.

Question 21

the proportion of offspring produced that survive, on average, to a particular age?

Answer 21

survivorship

Question 22

Geographic Range?

Answer 22

the area where a species can be found during its lifetime. Includes areas where individuals or communities may migrate or hibernate.

Question 23

what is Dispersal?

Answer 23

The movement of organisms away from their birthplace.

Often confined to a particular life stage

Question 24

What are the Three Modes of dispersion?

Answer 24

1. Diffusion
2. Jump Dispersal
3. Secular Dispersal/ Migration

Question 25

Define Diffusion?

Answer 25

Diffusion is the gradual spread of population across a Hospitable habitat.
NO ADAPTAION REQUIRED!!

Question 26

What is Jump Dispersal?

Answer 26

movement across large distances/barriers to dispersal followed by successful establishment
-Examples: island colonizations.
Human introduction: jump followed by dispersion
( read the important long distance dispersal insights from the slides)

Question 27

Secular Dispersion

Answer 27

diffusion over long period of time: genetic divergence of peripheral populations from the ancestral population
May lead to speciation!