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BIO 121 > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Biosphere

A

The entire portion of the Earth inhabited by life. Sum of all the plate’s ecosystems.

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2
Q

Global Ecology

A

Examines how the regional exchange of energy and materials influence the functioning and distribution of organisms across the biosphere.

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3
Q

landscape/ seascape

A

Mosaic of connected ecosystems.

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4
Q

Landscape Ecology

A

Focuses on factors controlling exchanges of energy, materials, and organisms across multiple ecosystems.

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5
Q

Ecosystem

A

Community of organisms in an area and the physical factors with which those organisms interact.

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6
Q

Ecosystem Ecology

A

Emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling between organisms and the environment.

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7
Q

Community

A

Group of populations of different species in an area

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8
Q

Community Ecology

A

Examines how species interactions, such as predation and competition, affect community structure and organization.

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9
Q

Population

A

Group of individuals of the same species living in an area.

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10
Q

Population Ecology

A

Analyzes factors that affect population sizes and how and why it changes through time.

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11
Q

Organismal Ecology

A

How and organisms structure, physiology, and behavior meet challenges posed by its environment.

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12
Q

Ecology

A

Scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment.

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13
Q

Tropics

A

Those regions that lie between 23.5 degrees North and 23.5 degrees South.

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14
Q

Climate

A

Long-term prevailing weather conditions in a given area

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15
Q

Macroclimate

A

Weather patterns global, regional, and landscape level.

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16
Q

Microclimate

A

Very fine, localized weather patterns, such as those encountered by the community ohm organisms.

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17
Q

Abiotic

A

Non-living factors that influence the distribution and abundance of organisms.

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18
Q

Biotic

A

Living factors or other organisms in an environment.

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19
Q

Biome

A

Any of the worlds major ecosystem types. Often classified by predominant vegetation for terrestrial biomes and physical environment for aquatic biomes.

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20
Q

Climograph

A

Plot of the annual mean temperature and precipitation in a particular region.

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21
Q

Ectone

A

Area of integration between biomes.

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22
Q

Canopy

A

Upper most layer in a terrestrial biomes.

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23
Q

Disturbance

A

An event such as fire, storm, or human activity that changes a community, removing organism from it and altering resource availability.

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24
Q

Tropical rain forest

A

Terrestrial biome characterized by relatively high precipitation and temperatures year-round.

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25
Tropical dry rain forest
Terrestrial biome characterized by relatively high precipitation and temperatures year-round, but with a pronounced dry season.
26
Savanna
Tropical grassland biomes with scattered individual trees and large herbivores and maintained by occasional fires and drought.
27
Temperate Grasslands
Terrestrial biome that exists at midlatitude regions and is dominated by grasses and forbs.
28
Northern Coniferous Rainforest
Terrestrial biomes that characterized by long, cold winters and dominated by cone-bearing trees.
29
Temperate Broadleaf Forest
Biome located throughout midlatitude regions where there is sufficient moisture to support growth of large, broadleaf deciduous trees.
30
Tundra
Terrestrial biomes at the extreme limits of plant growth.
31
Photic Zone
Top layer of aquatic biomes where there is sufficient light for photosynthesis.
32
Aphotic Zone
Bottom Layer of aquatic biomes where little light penetrates.
33
Pelagic Zone
Both the Photic and Aphotic Zones.
34
Abysmal Zone
Deep part of the ocean, 2,000m to 6,000m deep. Part of the Aphotic Zone.
35
Benthic Zone
Bottom surface of aquatic environment.
36
Benthos
Community of organisms that live Benthic Zone of an aquatic environment.
37
Detritus
Dead organic matter
38
Thermocline
Narrow stratum of abrupt temperature change in the ocean and in many temperate-zone lakes.
39
Turnover
The mixing of waters as a result of changing water temperature profiles in a lake.
40
Oligotrophic Lake
A nutrient poor lake, clear lake with few phytoplankton.
41
Eutrophic Lake
Lake with high rate of biologic productivity supported by a high rate of nutrient cycling.
42
Littoral Zone
In a lake, the shallow, well-lit waters close to shore.
43
Limnetic Zone
In a lake, the well-lit open surface waters far from shore,
44
Wetland
A habitat that is inundated by water at least some of the time and that supports plants adapted to water saturated soils.
45
Esuary
Area where fresh water stream or river merges with the ocean.
46
Intertidal Zone
The shallow zone of the ocean adjacent to land and between the high and low tide lines.
47
Oceanic Pelagic Zone
Most of the oceans waters far from shore, constantly mixed by ocean currents.
48
Coral Reefs
Typically warm water, tropical ecosystem dominated by the hard skeletal structures secreted primarily by coral.
49
Marine Benthic Zone
The ocean floor
50
Neurotic Zone
The shallow regions of the ocean overlaying the continental shelf.
51
Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents
A dark, hot, oxygen-deficient environment associated with volcanic activity on or near the sea floor.
52
Dispersal
The movement of individuals away from their parent location.
53
Density
Number of individuals per unit area or volume
54
Dispersion
Pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population
55
Mark-Recapture Method
Sampling technique used to estimate the size of animal populations.
56
Immigration
Influx of new individuals from other areas.
57
Emigration
Movement of individuals out of a population and into other locations.
58
Territoriality
The defense of a bounded space against encroachment by other individuals.
59
Demography
Study of vital statistics of populations and how they change over time.
60
Life Tables
Age-specific summaries of the survival pattern of a population.
61
Cohort
A group of individuals of the same age.
62
Survivorship Curve
A plot of the proportion or numbers in a cohort still alive at each age.
63
Reproductive Table
Age specific summary of the reproductive rates in a population.
64
Exponential Population Growth
Growth of a population in an ideal, unlimited environment, represented by a J-shaped curve when population size is plotted over time.
65
Carrying Capacity
Maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain.
66
Logistic Population Growth
Population growth that levels off as population size approaches carrying capacity.
67
Life History
Traits that affect an organisms schedule of reproduction and survival.
68
Semelparity
Reproduction in which an organisms produces all of its offspring in a single event. (Big-Bang reproduction)
69
Iteroparity
Reproduction in which adults produce offspring over many years. (Repeated Reproduction)
70
K-Selection
Selection for life history traits that are sensitive to population density. (Density-Dependent Selection)
71
R-Selection
Selection for life history traits that maximize reproductive success in uncrowned environments. (Density-Independent Selection)
72
Density Independent
Referring to any characteristic that is not affected by population density.
73
Density Dependent
Referring to any characteristic that varies with population density.
74
Population Dynamics
The study of complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors influence variations in population size.
75
Metapopulations
Growth of spatially separated populations of one species that interact through immigration and emigration.
76
Demographic Transition
In a stable population, the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.
77
Age Structure
Relative number of individuals of each age in a population.
78
Ecological Footprint
The aggregate land and water area required by a person, city, or nation to produce all of the resources it consumes and to absorb all the waste in generates.

BIO 121 (3 decks)

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