Ecology

Question 1

Habitat

Answer 1

The place where organism live

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

All the organisms of one species living in a habitat

Question 3

Community

Answer 3

The populations of different species living in a habitat

Question 4

Abiotic factors

Answer 4

Non-living factors of the environment eg temperature

Question 5

Biotic factors

Answer 5

Living factors of the environment eg food

Question 6

Ecosystem

Answer 6

The interaction of a community of living organisms (biotic) with the non-living (abiotic) parts of their environment

Question 7

Interdependence

Answer 7

In a community, each species depends on other species for things such as food, shelter, pollination and seed dispersal

Question 8

What do plants need from their environment in order to survive and reproduce?

Answer 8

-light
-space
-water
-mineral ions from the soil

Question 9

What do animals need from their environment in order to survive and reproduce?

Answer 9

-space (territory)
-foood
-water
-mates

Question 10

Abiotic factors

Answer 10

-moisture levels
-light intensity
-temperature
-carbon dioxide levels (plants)
-wind intensity and direction
-oxygen levels
-soil pH and mineral content

Question 11

What would happen if you decreased light intensity, temperature or carbon dioxide levels?

Answer 11

Decrease the rate of photosynthesis, which would affect plant growth and cause decrease in population

Question 13

What would have if you decreased mineral content of the soil?

Answer 13

Cause nutrient deficiencies, which could affect plant growth and decrease population size

Question 14

Biotic factors

Answer 14

-new predators
-competition
-new pathogens
-avaliablility of food

Question 15

What are the types of adaptions?

Answer 15

-structural- organisms body structure eg artic fox have white fur to camouflage
-behavioural- ways organisms behave eg migrate to warmer climates
-functional- things that go inside an organisms body eh reproduction and metabolism

Question 16

Extremophiles

Answer 16

Microorganisms which are adapted to ver extreme conditions ligh high temperature, salt or pressure

Question 17

Producers

Answer 17

-start of the food chain
-usually green plant or algae
-they make glucose by photosynthesis
-biomass for life on earth

Question 18

Biomass

Answer 18

The mass of living material

Question 19

The order of the food chain

Answer 19

Producers-> primary consumers-> secondary consumers-> tertiary consumers

Question 20

What environmental changes affect the distribution of organisms?

Answer 20

-avaliablility of water
-temperature
-atmospheric gases

Question 21

The water cycle

Answer 21

1. Energy from the sun makes water evaporate from the land and sea, turning into water vapour. Water also evaporates from plants (transpiration)
2. The warm vapour is carried upwards (warm air rises)
3. When it gets higher, it cools and condenses to form clouds
4. Water falls from the clouds as precipitation, where it provides fresh water for plants and animals
5. Water drains into the sea, before the whole process starts again