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Science > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How does a producer make its own food?

A

By performing photosynthesis?

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2
Q

What are the seven classification levels?

A

Kingdom, phylum ,class, order ,family, genus, species.

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3
Q

Give two reasons why biodiversity is important?

A

Moral reasons, species may be useful to us, protects food supply, limits large changes to food chains and webs.

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4
Q

What is bacterial resistance?

A

How bacteria becomes resistant to antibiotics.

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5
Q

What is a food chain?

A

A diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms.

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6
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

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7
Q

Give an examples of a physical adaptation.

A

Sharp teeth, camouflage, spikes, foot surface area.

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8
Q

Give an example of a microbe decomposer.

A

Bacteria, fungi.

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9
Q

In a food chain or web, what name is given to an organisms that eats the producer?

A

The primary consumer.

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10
Q

In a food chain or web, why are the arrows drawn from the organism being eaten to the organism eating it?

A

To show the flow of energy.

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11
Q

What name is given to organisms that eat animals?

A

Predators

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12
Q

Name two ways in which scientists try to maintain biodiversity.

A

Gene banks, protection of habitats, breeding programmes.

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13
Q

Give two sources of evidence for evolution?

A

The fossil record, bacterial resistance.

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14
Q

Name two things that can cause extinction.

A

New predators, new diseases, changes to habitat, more successful competitors, catastrophic events(like volcanoes or asteroid impacts)

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15
Q

How can scientists estimate population size?

A

Using quadrats(sampling from a larger area)

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16
Q

What is interdependence?

A

How organisms depend on each other for survival.

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17
Q

What can mutations result in?

A

Slight changes to an organisms adaptations.

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18
Q

What is a species.

A

A group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

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19
Q

What name is given to organisms that make their own food?

A

Producers

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20
Q

What is extinction?

A

When an entire species dies out.

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21
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon Dioxide + water –> Glucose + oxygen

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22
Q

What is a food web?

A

A food web is a set of linked food chains.

23
Q

What is competition?

A

Where organisms have to struggle against each other for resources.

24
Q

In a food chain or web, which direction are the arrows drawn in?

A

From the organism being eaten to the organism eating it.

25
Q

What is a mutation?

A

A change to an organisms DNA.

26
Q

What is decay

A

The breakdown of dead organisms.

27
Q

What are the five chordate groups?

A

Mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians.

28
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

A way in which an organism suits its environment

29
Q

In a food chain or web, what name is given to an organisms that eats the secondary consumer?

A

The tertiary consumer.

30
Q

Why do organisms eat each other?

A

To get energy and nutrients.

31
Q

What diagram do scientists use to show feeding relationships?

A

Food chains and food webs.

32
Q

What word is used when scientists put organisms into groups?

A

Classification

33
Q

Where do producers get their energy from?

A

The sun

34
Q

Give an examples of a behavioural adaptation.

A

Making nests to shelter offspring. huddling(gathering) for warmth, rolling into a ball

35
Q

What is a carnivore

A

An animal that only eats other animals.

36
Q

Give and example of a detritivore.

A

Maggots, woodlice.

37
Q

What is a feeding relationship?

A

How different organisms feed on and eat each other

38
Q

What is bio-accumulation?

A

How toxic materials build up in a food chain.

39
Q

What does the fossil record show?

A

That over time species have changed physically.

40
Q

What is an organism?

A

An individual plant, animal or single cell life form.

41
Q

What is a herbivore.

A

An animal that eats only plants.

42
Q

In a food chain or web, what name is given to an organisms that eats the primary consumer?

A

The secondary consumer.

43
Q

What name is given to animals that are eaten by other organisms?

A

Preys.

44
Q

What are the four main stages in evolution by natural selection?

A

An organism is born with a mutation. The mutation helps it survive longer. It has more offspring. It passes the mutation on to its offspring.

45
Q

What is natural selection?

A

How organisms with the most useful adaptations are more likely to survive and reproduce.

46
Q

In a food chain or web, what name is given to an organisms that eats another organism?

A

A consumer

47
Q

What are the two main types of decomposers?

A

Detritivores and Microbes.

48
Q

What conditions are best for decay?

A

Lot of oxygen, warm temperature and moisture.

49
Q

What resources do organisms often compete over>

A

Food, water, space, light, mates.

50
Q

What name is given to organisms that cause decay?

A

Decomposers

51
Q

Name two types of adaptations.

A

Physical and behavioural.

52
Q

What is an omnivore?

A

An animal that eats plants and animals.

53
Q

Why is decay important?

A

It releases waste products that plants can use.

Science (4 decks)

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