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Biology > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define Habitat

A

The Place where an organism lives and breeds

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1
Q

Explain Population

A

The Number of organisms of a single species in a habitat

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2
Q

Explain Community

A

All the population from all species in a particular area

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3
Q

Explain Biodiversity

A

A measure of the range of different species of organsims living in an area

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4
Q

Explain environment

A

The surroundings in which an organism lives

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5
Q

Explain Ecosystem

A

an area in which a community interacts with each other and their environment

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6
Q

Explain sampling

A

a process used to give a good estimate of the number or percentage of an organism in a particular area

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7
Q

What are biotic factors

A

living factors (predators like sai)

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8
Q

What are abiotic factors

A

Non Living Factors(Temperature, light , ph)

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9
Q

What do living things compete for

A

Plants= water,light,space to grow, minerals

Animals= Water,food,territory, mates

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10
Q

What is a Food CHain

A

the order in which energy passes through living organisms

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11
Q

What is the initial and ultimate source of energy?

A

Sun

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12
Q

What is a producer

A

Plant that makes food by PHOTOSYNTHESIS

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13
Q

What is a primary consumer

A

An animal that feeds on a plant

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14
Q

What is a secondary consumer

A

An Animal that feeds on a primary Consumer

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15
Q

What is Tertiary Consumer

A

Animal that feeds on Secondary consumer

16
Q

What Trophic Level is a Producer?

A

Level 1

17
Q

What Trophic Level in a Tertiary Consumer

A

Level 4

18
Q

Explain Decomposition

A

Waste materials from living organisms and dead plants and animals are broken down by decomposers.
Decomposition breaks organic matter into simpler products
As the decomposers break them down, they respire and release carbon dioxide into atmosphere

19
Q

Explain the decomposing action of Bacteria and Fungi

A

Saprophytic Bacteria secrete(release) digestive enzymes onto decaying material

These enzymes break down the decaying organic material(extracellular Digestion)

The soluble products of digestion are absorbed into he fungi and bacteria

20
Q

What are the microorganisms responsible for decomposition of decayed material to form nutrients

A

Saprophytic (decomposing) fungi and bacteria

21
Q

What does decomposition form

A

Humus
The part of the soil in whcih plants grow

22
Q

What are the optimum conditions required for Decomposition

A

Adequate Moisture
Warm Temperature
Oxygen

23
Q

Processes involved in Carbon Cycle

A

Photosynthesis
feeding
respiration
decomposition
fossillation
combustion

24
Q

Explain Feeding

A

Animals consuming plants and carbon from the plants

25
Q

How can Plants absorb Nitrogen

A

Plants can only absorb nitrogen in the form of Nitrates

26
Q

Explain Nitrogen Fixation

A

Nitrogen gas is converted into
nitrates
.
This is carried out by nitrogen fixing bacteria.(found in root nodules)

Nitrogen fixing bacteria need oxygen as they are
aerobic

27
Q

Optimum Conditions for Nitrogen Fixation

A

Oxygen(aerobic)
High Temperatures

28
Q

Explain Decomposition in Nitrogen Cycle

A

Bacteria/fungi break down protein found in dead plants and animals into ammonia.

29
Q

Explain Nitrification

A

Ammonia is converted into nitrates.
This is carried out by nitrifying bacteria.
.

30
Q

Optimum Condition for Nitrification

A

Nitrifying bacteria needs oxygen as they are aerobic.
This process is quickened by the presence of oxygen and higher temperatures

31
Q

Explain Denitrification

A

Nitrates are converted into nitrogen gas.This is carried out by denitrifying bacteria.

Happens in Waterlogged Soil

32
Q

Conditions for Denitrification

A

Do not need oxygen as they are anerobic

33
Q

Define Active Uptake

A

The movement of particles from an area of low concentration to and area of high concentration using energy from respiration

34
Q

Explain How Active Uptake Occurs

A

Nitrates are absorbed by plants through specially adapted cells called root hair cells(by having an extended shape,increasing surface area), through process of Active Uptake, which requires energy from respiration

Plants use these nitrates to make amino acids and proteins , which are then transferred into the food chain

35
Q

Define Eutrophication

A

Eutrophication is a type of water pollution caused by the addition of sewage or fertiliser.

36
Q

Explain the Process of Eutrophication

A

Fertilizers run of the land into the water and increases nitrate concentration of the water

Leads to an Increase in Growth fo Aquatic Plants

When these plants die, a large population of bacteria is needed to decompose the dead plants

These bacterial use up all the oxygen as they respire aerobicall

This reduced the oxygen for fish and other aquatic animals causing them to die

Biology (7 decks)

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