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Life Science > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a biosphere

A

Biosphere is the parts of the earth where life exists

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2
Q

What are ecosystems

A

Natural system which living and non living organisms interact

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3
Q

What is a community

A

an interacting group of various species in a common location

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4
Q

What is a population

A

a group of organisms of a single species that can interbreed and live in the same time in the same environment.

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5
Q

Abiotic

A

Non-living factors that impact the ecosystem

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6
Q

Biotic

A

Living factors of an ecosystem

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7
Q

Ecology

A

Study of the relations of the organisms to one another and to their environments

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8
Q

Herbivore

A

Only eats plants

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9
Q

Omnivore

A

Eats both plants and meat

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10
Q

Carnivore

A

Only eats meat

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11
Q

Decomposed/Detritivores

A

Eats dead organic matter

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12
Q

Detritus

A

Remains / waste matter of dead organisms

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13
Q

What’s do decomposes do for the ecosystem

A

They produce nutrients needed for growth and repair

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14
Q

Food chain definition

A

Sequence of feeding relationships describing which organisms eat eachother

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15
Q

What will weaker members of a species do when food is scarce

A

-They leave to find food
-Also more susceptible to disease
- targeted by predators and parasites
-forced to live in dangerous areas
-their young exposed to danger

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16
Q

What does competition between communities do for the environment

A

-diff species compete for food / shelter
-competition balance ecosystem

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17
Q

Host

A

Plant or animal in which a parasite lives

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18
Q

Habitat

A

Places where organisms live, eat and reproduce

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19
Q

What is symbiosis

A

2 organisms that live together temporarily or permanently, at least one organism must benefit

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20
Q

What are the three types of symbiosis

A

Mutualism;Commensalism;Parasitism

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21
Q

Mutualism definition

A

Both organisms benefit eg ox pecker+ox Anenome + Clownfish

22
Q

Commensalism definition

A

One organism benefits other is unaffected eg Cattle + Egrets Remora + Shark (Remora not cleaner fish)

23
Q

Parasitism definition

A

One organism benefits the other is harmed eg Tick, Acacia + Ants

24
Q

What are structural adaptations

A

The way something is made

25
Q

What are Behavioural Adaptations

A

The way something acts naturally or by instinct

26
Q

List at least 3 examples of structural adaptations

A

-Leaves & stems absorb energy from sun
-Roots soak up water + nutrients from soil
-sweet fruits to spread seeds

27
Q

List 3 examples of behavioural adaptations

A

-Plants learning to grow towards sun
-desert flowers stay dormant for months only to come to life when it rains
-vines climb up trees to catch sunlight

28
Q

What is a biome

A

Where specific abiotic factors allows certain biotic factors to survive

29
Q

What are some structural desert adaptations in plants (3)

A

-small leaves to conserve water
-waxy leaves
-stomata on underside

30
Q

what are some behavioural adaptations of plants in deserts

A

-dormant phases to survive droughts
-roots near surface to soak up max water b4 evaporation

31
Q

What are plant adaptations in grasslands

A

-deep roots to stop being burnt by fires
-dark flowers to absorb max sunlight
-fuzzy stems for wind protection

32
Q

Tundra adaptations of plants

A

-small plants, close to ground to keep warmth
-dark plants to absorb heat
- fuzzy stems for wind protection

33
Q

Plant adaptations in Rainforest

A

-smooth, slippery bark to stop vines from killing trees
-slide shaped leaves to make water run off and stop fungi
-deep roots to not be washed away
-brightly coloured flowers to attract more insects than others

34
Q

Temperate forest plant adaptations

A

-thick bark to conserve nutrients
-drop leaves in winter to conserve water

35
Q

Plant water adaptations

A

-Flexible stem to move w water currents
-floating seeds to spread offspring
- Air pockets to make stems + leaves float

36
Q

Parasitic plant adaptations

A

-Roots can take nutrients from other plants
-don’t need soil

37
Q

Carnivorous plant adaptations

A

-nutrients taken by eating other organisms (insects)
-since they eat bugs they can survive in bad soil

38
Q

Definition of Biodiversity

A

Variety of animals and plants in an ecosystem

39
Q

What are the three types of biodiversity

A

-Diversity in ecosystems
-Diversity of Species
-Diversity of Genes

40
Q

Tropic level definition

A

The position of an organism in a food chain

41
Q

What happens if one tropic levels dies

A

Interrupts food chain , balance of nature therefor destruction rains

42
Q

What 2 things do a complex ecosystem have

A

-several tropic levels
-loss of one or more species = not many problems

43
Q

What causes large changes in an ecosystem

A

Loss or addition of certain species

44
Q

What does Niche mean

A

The role of an organism

45
Q

What are the 2 benefits to biodiversity

A

Consumption Values
Non-Consumption Value

46
Q

What are 5 consumption values of Biodiversity

A

Food & drink
Fuel
Medicine
Better crop varieties
Industrial materials

47
Q

What are 3 non-consumption values of Biodiversity

A

Recreation (tourism)
Education&research
Traditional values

48
Q

What are the 2 types of threats to biodiversity

A

Natural Causes
Man-Made causes

49
Q

What are natural threats to biodiversity (2)

A

Tornadoes
Floods

50
Q

What are man made threats to biodiversity

A

Exotic species
Pollution
Hunting
Agriculture
Habitatil Destruction

Life Science (2 decks)

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