Ecology Flashcards
What are the 7 requirements of life?
- Living things are made of cells
- Living things reproduce
- Living things are based on a Universal Genetic Code
- Living things grow and develop
- Living things obtain and use energy
- Living things respond to their environment
- Living things maintain a stable internal enviornment
What is the definition of ecology?
The scientific study of interactions between organisms and environments.
Why is ecology important?
Important because of biodiversity (the variety of life forms that exist)
What is a biotic factor and what are examples?
All living or once living things (e.g. cat, human, bacteria, fungi)
What is an Abiotic factor and what are examples?
Nonliving things (e.g. water, soil, air, sunlight, temperature, minerals)
What are the interdependence of life?
- No matter where you look on Earth, living things are connected and affect their environment and other living things.
- As organisms change, evolve, move from one place to another, they affect their environment and other living things.
What are the 6 levels of organization and what are they?
- Individual (A single organism)
- Population ( A group of individuals that all belong to the same species and live in the same area)
- Community (A group of all populations living in a defined area)
- Ecosystem (All the organisms that live in a particular place together with their nonliving enviornemnt)
- Biome (Tend to exist across latitude lines)
- Biosphere (Contains the combined parts of the planet in which all life exists)
What is a predator?
Any consumer that KILLS AND EATS another living organism in order to obtain energy. They organism being eaten is called PREY.
What is competition?
When different species are competing for the same resources (food, living space, etc.)
What is symbiosis?
Interaction between members of two different species that live together in a close association. There are three close relationships.
What are the three close relationships of symbiosis?
- Mutualism (Positive relationship where both organisms benefit from each other)
- Commensalism (Positive/neutral relationship where the organism benefits and the other is unaffected)
- Parasitism (Positive/negative relationship where one benefits and other is harmed at a disadvantage)
What is an ecological niche?
What the specie eats, what eats it, and how the species behave. No two species have identical niches.
What are the two categories species can fall into?
- Producer
- Consumer
What are producers?
Organisms that make its own energy-rich compounds using the suns energy (ex. plants and sea slugs)
What are consumers?
Organisms that obtain their energy from consuming other organisms. Consumers can be further divided depending on the organisms they eat.
What 4 roles can organisms be divided into depending on the organisms they eat?
- Herbivore
- Carnivore
- Omnivore
- Scavenger
What is a herbivore?
An animal that eats plants.