Ecology

Question 1

List the components of healthy soil.

Answer 1

25% Air, 25% Water, 46% MInerals, 4% Organic Matter

Question 2

What are the main components of the atmosphere?

Answer 2

78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% Argon, >1% other gases including co2

Question 3

what is the hydrosphere

Answer 3

• all the water on the earth’s surface, salt & fresh
• 97% is in oceans

Question 4

what is the biosphere

Answer 4

• regions of earth where living things exist
• made up of 3 abiotic spheres

Question 5

what is the atmosphere

Answer 5

• “atmos” meaning vapour
• layer of gases surrounding earth

Question 6

what is the lithosphere

Answer 6

• the hard rocky part of the earth’s surface
• contains minerals and rocks that make up mountains, bottoms of oceans & earths landscape

Question 7

solution vs mechanical mixture

Answer 7

uniform mixture vs distinguishable components

Question 8

pure substance

Answer 8

one type of particle

Question 9

compound

Answer 9

2 or more diff elements chemically combined eg. H20 (water)

Question 10

element

Answer 10

cannot be broken down eg. aluminum

Question 11

4 essential nutrients

Answer 11

carbs, fats, vitamins, minerals

Question 12

all living things… (5 points)

Answer 12

grow, use energy, produce waste, respond to its environment, reproduce

Question 13

we are made of organic ingredients … (4 points)

Answer 13

carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleic acid

Question 14

Photosynthesis Formula

Answer 14

6H2O + 6CO2 -light energy> C6, H12, O6 + 6O2
water + carbon dioxide -light energy> glucose + oxygen

Question 15

Cellular Respiration formula

Answer 15

C6, H12, O6 + 6O2 —> 6H2O + 6CO2
glucose + oxygen —> water + carbon dioxide

Question 16

Photosynthesis Definition & Where does it occur

Answer 16

produces oxygen for organisms to survive, removes carbon dioxide to offset global warming. in the chloroplast of plant cell

Question 17

Cellular Respiration definition & Where does it occur

Answer 17

produce CO2 for plant and algae to use, cycles carbon from biotic organisms to abiotic atmosphere. in the mitochondria of plant and animal cells.

Question 18

how does carbon get trapped in the lithosphere

Answer 18

dead organisms and decay get become compacted over geological time thousands of years later coal/oil are formed due to immense pressure of rock layers above. then humans drill It out of the ground

Question 19

Nitrogen Fixation Definition & Formula

Answer 19

forming of nitrates that can only be used by plants- 3 O2 + N2 -> NO2 by nitrogen fixing bacteria

Question 20

Nitrification Process

Answer 20

urine & dead plants release nitrogen as amonia (NH3) which is converted to nitrates

Question 21

Denitrification Process

Answer 21

soil denitrifying bacteria returns nitrates to o2 and n2 only in absence of oxygen

Question 22

Human influences on the water cycle

Answer 22

building dams, water withdrawals, pollution

Question 23

Precipitation

Answer 23

clouds-> rain/snow

Question 24

evaporation

Answer 24

water from bodies of water to vapour in atmosphere

Question 25

run-off

Answer 25

water flows into lakes & streams

Question 26

condensation

Answer 26

vapour that has evaporated condenses into the clouds

Question 27

ground water

Answer 27

water beneath the surface

Question 28

transpiration

Answer 28

water from plants into the atmosphere