Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science 10 Bio > Ecologly > Flashcards

Ecologly Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is weather? Examples?

A

Atmospheric conditions of a specific place at a specific time

Ex. Rain,sun,wind,snow,cloud,coverage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is climate? Examples?

A

Average weather condition In a region over a period of several years (at least 30)

Ex. Vancouver has a rainy climate, Mexico has a hot climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is anecdotal evidence ?

A

Things we see/experiment
Ex: it felt colder this year then last year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is scientific evidence?

A

Facts/data using numbers and measures

Ex average temperature of Jan 2023 was 2.3 colder than Jan 2021

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is narrow climate?

A

Doesn’t vary much
Ex: Mexico is always hot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is wide climate?

A

Varies a lot
Ex: Edmonton can be -40 to +40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is moderate climate?

A

Mild, not too hot or cold
Ex: Vancouver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is severe climate?

A

Extremes; hot or cold

Ex: Greenland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is atmosphere?

A

All the air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is hydrosphere?

A

All the water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is lithosphere?

A

All the land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

The narrow zone around earth that can support life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is biotic?

A

Living things
Ex: plants, animals, bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is abiotic?

A

Non living things
Ex: rocks, water, sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What order is the atmosphere from closest to earth to farthest

A

Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is inversion?

A

A reversal of the temperature change with altitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the stratosphere contain?

A

The ozone layer (O2 converted to O3, exothermic, why temperature increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the troposphere contain?

A

80% of the atmosphere gases, most living organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the source of all energy on earth?

A

The sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are gamma rays used in?

A

Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are Ultraviolet rays absorbed by?

A

The skin, why we need sunscreen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is visible light?

A

What we can see; each colour had a different wave length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does infrared heat do?

A

Transmits heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is insolation?

A

The amount of energy that is actually received by the earth surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the earths tilt?

A

The angle of inclination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the angle of inclination?

A

23.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is solstice?

A

One of two points in earth orbit where the poles are pointed most towards or away from the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is equinox?

A

The 2 days where the number of daylight hours is exactly equal to the number of nighttime hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The earths ____ is an imaginary line between the ______________. This is the line the earth rotates around.

A

Axis

North and south poles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Why is the angle of inclination important?

A

It’s the reason we have seasons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

For the north hemisphere what is the longest and shortest solstice?

A

June solstice is longest

December solstice is shortest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

For the south hemisphere what solstice is the shortest and longest?

A

June solstice is the shortest

December solstice is the longest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is it called when there is two days that have equal amount hours of daylight and of nighttime

A

September and march equinox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

In the north hemisphere what seasons go with the September and march equonix in?

A

Fall goes with September and spring goes with march

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

In the south hemisphere what seasons go with the September and march equonix?

A

Spring goes with September
and fall goes with march

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

For the September and march equinox where is the equator facing?

A

Directly faces the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

In the northern hemisphere how is the earth tilted during June solstice?

A

Towards the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

In the northern hemisphere how is the earth tilted during December solstice?

A

Away from the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

In the south hemisphere how is the earth tilted during June solstice?

A

Away from the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

In the south hemisphere how is the earth tilted during December solstice?

A

Towards the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Earth is split into different ________

A

Latitudes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the latitudes of the equator and the poles?

A

Equator = O
Poles = 90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What happens when a ray hits the earth straight on?

A

It only hits a smaller area, energy is not spread out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What happens when a ray hits the earth on a rounded part?

A

Energy is spread out over a larger area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What does the same amount of energy over a larger area mean?

A

Each point in that area received less energy compared to areas where the ray is straight on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Less energy = _______

A

Colder

47
Q

For the areas 1-5, state the relative area the ray is covering and how it affects the climate

A

3: small area-more energy throughout, hotter climate

2 & 4: medium area -less energy than 3 but more the 1/5, mild

1 & 5: largest area- less energy throughout, colder

48
Q

What is the angle of incidence ?

A

The angle between the suns ray and the surface of the earth

49
Q

What’s the difference between a smaller angle and bigger angle?

A

Smaller angle= less direct sunlight, colder

Bigger angle= more direct sunlight, hotter

50
Q

What is in the Atmosphere?

A

Cloud coverage and atmospheric dust - blocks light from getting through

The gases in the atmosphere; different gases absorb/reflect different amounts of sunlight

51
Q

Define albedo:

A

The percent of solar radiation that a material reflects

52
Q

Different __________ in the lithosphere and hydrosphere have different _______.

A

Materials, albedos

53
Q

What is the average albedo for earths surface?

A

About 30%

54
Q

What is asphalt brightness, albedo and temperature?

A

Not bright=not reflecting much, low albedo (5-10%).

Absorbing the other 90-95%, so it’s hot

55
Q

What is waters brightness, albedo and temperature?

A

Depends on where the sun is. Can be anywhere from 10-60% and therefore ranges from cold to warm

56
Q

What is snow’s brightness, albedo and temperature?

A

Very bright since it’s reflecting lots of light, high albedo (80-95%).

Absorbing only the remaining 5-20%, so it’s cold

57
Q

What are the 4 aspects of the green house effect?

A
  1. Solar energy from the sun passes through the atmosphere
  2. Some of the energy is reflected back out to space
  3. Earths surface is heated by the solar energy then radiated through heat back out towards space
  4. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some of the heat, keeping it near earths surface
58
Q

What is natural greenhouse effect cause by?

A

Water vapour

59
Q

What are the 4 elements related to the green house effect?

A

Carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour, nitrous oxide

60
Q

What is the artificial green house effect caused by?

A

Carbon dioxide

61
Q

What is incoming radiation?

A

Solar energy that makes it to the surface if earth (isn’t reflected back to space by the atmosphere)

62
Q

What is outgoing radiation?

A

Thermal energy that the earths surface re-emits back out into space (not including what gets trapped in the atmosphere)

63
Q

What is the 2nd law of thermodynamics?

A

Heat always moves from hot to cold

64
Q

What the insolation, albedo, incoming and outgoing radiation like in polar regions?

A

Low insolation=less incoming radiation
High albedo=more outgoing radiation

65
Q

Is heat deficit part of polar regions or equator regions?

A

Polar regions

66
Q

Is heat surplus part of polar regions or equator regions?

A

Equator regions

67
Q

What’s the insolation, albedo, incoming and outgoing radiation like in the equator regions?

A

High insolation=more incoming radiation
Low albedo = less outgoing radiation

68
Q

Explain incoming radiation - outgoing radiation

A

The amount of radiation going in and the amount going out

69
Q

What are three 3 types of thermal energy transfer

A
  1. Radiation
  2. Conduction
  3. Convection
70
Q

What is radiation and what does it occur in?

A

Occurs in gases, a vacuum

Emission of energy as particles and waves, these waves can be absorbed by other objects, and the particles of that object will warm up/get more energy

71
Q

What is conduction and what does it occur in?

A

Occurs in solids

A particle near a heat source gains energy and starts vibrating more
Because the particle in solids are closely packed, this vibrating particle bumps into its neighbour, transferring the energy to them
Eventually all the particle get bumped into and gain the energy

72
Q

What is convection and what does it occur in?

A

Occurs in fluids(liquids/gases)

A particle near a heat source gains energy and starts moving more
Since there’s more space between particles in fluids, these energized particles are able to move away from the heat source
Colder( higher density) particles move down into the new space and now they are near the heat source and can gain energy

73
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

The pressure exerted by a column of air over any given point

74
Q

What does the difference in air pressure and temperature create?

A

Convection currents in the atmosphere

75
Q

Colder air exerts ____ pressure than warm air, since it is ____ ______

A

More

More dense

76
Q

What is the movement of air from regions of higher pressure to regions of low pressure?

A

Wind

77
Q

What is the Coriolis effect?

A

The bending of moving currents in response to earths rotation

78
Q

What is the direction of travel when fired northward?

A

Clockwise

79
Q

What is the direction of travel when fired southward?

A

Counter clockwise

80
Q

The Coriolis effect causes winds in the two hemispheres to move in ______ directions

A

Opposite

81
Q

What do convection currents and the Coriolis effect cause?

A

Global wind patterns

82
Q

What are jet streams?

A

A “river” of fast flowing are in the stratosphere

83
Q

How strong are the jet streams of wind and how many km wide and long are they

A

480-640km/h strong

Typically thousands of km long
Hundreds of km wide

84
Q

What do changes in jet streams help predict?

A

Severe weather

85
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The splint of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degrees celcuis

86
Q

What is quantity of thermal energy?

A

The amount of thermal energy released by 1 gram of a substance when its temperature changes by 1 degrees Celsius

87
Q

What happens to a substance when you add energy?

A

It gets hotter

88
Q

At two specific temperatures, what will that energy go towards instead?

A

A phase change

89
Q

What are biomes?

A

Geographical areas with a specific climate that the plants & animals that live there are adapted to

90
Q

Are biomes opened or closed systems, why?

A

Open, energy (the sun) enters and matter is able to go in and out

91
Q

What are climatographs?

A

A graph that shows us the average temperature and precipitation of location over a year

92
Q

What’s average precipitation plotted as? What’s it measured in?

A

Always plotted as a BAR GRAPH (raindrops collected in a bucket)

Measured in mm

93
Q

What’s average temperature plotted as? What’s it measured in?

A

Always plotted as a LINE GRAPH

Measured in degrees Celsius

94
Q

In order to compare two areas, the climatographs must have the same ________

A

Scales on the vertical axes

95
Q

What’s the taiga also known as?

A

The boreal forest

96
Q

What are the factors affecting climate?

A

Insolation
Global winds
Ocean currents

97
Q

Explain insolation and provide an example

A

Most related to latitudes, has the biggest effect on climates

Areas near the equator get a lot of direct sunlight so there climate is hotter

98
Q

Explain global winds and provide an example

A

Patterns can determine short term weather and long term patterns

Chicago is called “the Windy City”

99
Q

Explain ocean currents and provide an example

A

Have a moderating effect

Vancouver has a warmer climate then Edmonton despite being at similar latitudes

100
Q

What are the 3 main gases contributing to the artificial greenhouse effect

A

Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide

101
Q

How do we measure how dangerous a gas is to the greenhouse effect?

A

Global warming potential (GWP)

102
Q

What is global warming potential (GWP) ?

A

As measure of the relative ability to trap thermal energy in the atmosphere

103
Q

What is used as the reference point that the other gases are compared to

A

CO2 (g)

104
Q

What is persistance?

A

How many years a gas will remain in the atmosphere

105
Q

What the GWP and persistence of carbon dioxide?

A

GWP: 1
Persistence: 50-200 years

106
Q

What the GWP and persistence of methane?

A

GWP: 23
Persistence: 10

107
Q

What the GWP and persistence of nitrous oxide?

A

GWP: 296
Persistence: 120

108
Q

What is another class of man made chemicals that can trap thermal energy in the atmosphere?

A

Halocarbons

109
Q

What are halocarbons GWP?

A

About 12 000

110
Q

Define carbon source:

A

Processes that release carbon into the atmosphere

111
Q

Define carbon sink:

A

Processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere

112
Q

What are fossil fuels formed from? What do they contain a lot of?

A

The remains of living organic matter

Carbon

113
Q

What are examples of a carbon sink

A

Oceans and forests(due to photosynthesis)

Science 10 Bio (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions