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Ecologie Flashcards

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0
Q

Define litosphere

A

Earth’s solid outer layer

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1
Q

Define atmosphere

A

The layer of gases surrounding Earth

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2
Q

Define hydrosphere

A

All of Earth’s water in solid, liquid, and gas form

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3
Q

Define Biosphere

A

The zone around Earth where life can exist

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4
Q

Define ecosystem

A

All the living organisms and their physical and chemical environment

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5
Q

Define biotic factors

A

Living things, their remains, and features, such as nests, associated with their activities

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6
Q

Define abiotic factors

A

The non-living physical and chemical components of an ecosystem

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7
Q

Define sustainable ecosystem

A

An ecosystem that is maintained through natural processes

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8
Q

Define sustainability

A

The ability to maintain an ecological balance

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9
Q

Define radiant energy

A

Energy that travels through empty space

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10
Q

Define light energy

A

Visible forms of radiant energy

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11
Q

Define thermal energy

A

The form of energy transferred during heating or cooling

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12
Q

Define photosynthesis

A

The process in which the Sun’s energy is converted into chemical energy

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13
Q

Define producer

A

An organism that makes its own energy-rich food compounds using the sun’s energy

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14
Q

Define cellular respiration

A

The process by which sugar is converted into carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

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15
Q

Define consumer

A

An organism that obtains it’s energy from consuming other organisms

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16
Q

Define ecological niche

A

The function a species serves in its ecosystem, including what it eats, what eats it, and how it behaves.

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17
Q

Define food chain

A

A sequence of organisms, each feeding on the next, showing how energy is transferred from one organism to another.

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18
Q

Define Food web

A

A representation of the feeding relationships with a community

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19
Q

Define ecological pyramid

A

A representation of energy, numbers, or biomass relationships in ecosystems

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20
Q

Define biomass

A

The mass of living organisms in a given area

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21
Q

Define biogeochemical cycle

A

The movement of matter through the biotic and abiotic environment

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22
Q

Define water cycle

A

The series of processes that cycle water through the environment

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23
Q

What is the carbon cycle - define

A

The biogeochemical cycle in which Carbon is cycled through the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere

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24
Q

Define nitrogen cycle

A

The series of processes in which nitrogen compounds are moved through the biotic and abiotic environment.

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25
Q

Define limiting factor

A

Any factor that restricts the size of a population

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26
Q

Define tolerance range

A

The abiotic conditions within which a species can survive

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27
Q

Define carrying capacity

A

The maximum population size of a particular species that a given ecosystem can sustain

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28
Q

Define biome

A

A large geographical region defined by climate (precipitation and temperature) with a specific set of biotic and abiotic features

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29
Q

Define oligotrophic

A

A body of water that is low in nutrients

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30
Q

Define eutrophic

A

A body of water that is rich in nutrients

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31
Q

Define watershed

A

The land area drained by a particular river; also called a drainage basin

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32
Q

Define equilibrium

A

Defines the state of an ecosystem with relatively constant conditions over a period of time

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33
Q

Define succession

A

The gradual and usually predictable changes I the composition of a community and the abiotic conditions following a disturbance

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34
Q

What is primary succession

A

Succession on newly exposed ground, such as following a volcanic eruption

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35
Q

Secondary succession

A

Succession in a partially disturbed ecosystem such as following a forest fire

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36
Q

Define biodiversity

A

The variety of life in a particular ecosystem; also known as biological diversity

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37
Q

Define species richness

A

The number of species in an area

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38
Q

Define extinct

A

Refers to a species that has died out and no longer occurs on Earth

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39
Q

Define extirpated

A

A species that no longer exists in a specific area

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40
Q

Define endangered

A

A species facing imminent extirpation or extinction

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41
Q

Define threatened

A

A species that is likely to become endangered if factors reducing its survival are not changed

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42
Q

Define special concern

A

A species that may become threatened or endangered because of a combination of factors

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43
Q

Define invasive species

A

A non-native species whose intentional or accidental introduction. Negatively impacts the natural environment

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44
Q

Define pollution

A

Harmful contaminants released into the environment

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45
Q

Define acid precipitation

A

Precipitation that has been more acidic the usual by the combination of certain chemicals in the air with water vapour

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46
Q

Define neutralize

A

Counteract the chemical properties of an acid

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47
Q

Define bioremediation

A

The use of micro-organisms to consume and break down environmental pollutants

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48
Q

Define stewardship

A

Taking responsibility for managing and protecting the environment

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49
Q

Define monoculture

A

The cultivation of a single crop in an area

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50
Q

Define pest

A

Any plant, animal, or other organism that causes illness, harm, or annoyance to humans

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51
Q

Define natural fertilizer

A

Plant nutrients that have been obtained from natural sources and have not been chemically altered by humans

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52
Q

Synthetic fertilizer

A

Fertilizers that are manufactured using chemical processes

53
Q

Define leaching

A

The process by which nutrients are removed from the soil as water passes through it

54
Q

Define pesticide

A

A substance used to kill a pest

55
Q

Define broad-spectrum pesticide

A

A pesticide that is effective against many types of pest

56
Q

Define narrow-spectrum pesticide

A

A pesticide that is effective against only a few types of pest

57
Q

Define bioaccumulation

A

The concentration of a substance, such as a pesticide, in the body of an organism

58
Q

Define organic farming

A

The system of agriculture that relies on non-synthetic pesticides and fertilizers

59
Q

Define integrated pest management

A

A strategy to control pests that uses a combination of physical, chemical, and biological controls

60
Q

What is the solid layer of the Earth

A

Lithosphere

61
Q

What does pho synthesis do

A

Converts light energy into food energy

62
Q

Which of the following makes its own energy food? Grass, cow, wolf, worm

A

Grass

63
Q

Humans interfere with the carbon cycle by burning fossils fuels and making concrete from limestone. Both of these processes produce

A

Carbon dioxide

64
Q

Ecology - which one of the following is not like the others: wolf, mountain lion, hawk, sparrow

A

Sparrow

65
Q

Urine starts to smell very quickly because it decomposes into

A

Ammonia

66
Q

Which of the following compounds contains nitrogen

Carbohydrate, oil protein limestone

A

Protein

67
Q

What are the most important living things in the nitrogen cycle?

Bacteria, green plants, animals, fungi

A

Bacteria

68
Q

Almost all living things on Earth perform respiration. Respiration needs what gas from the atmosphere?

A

Oxygen

69
Q

Which of the following is an energy food

Meat, sugar, broccoli, eggs

A

Sugar

70
Q

What living things can take nitrogen from the jar and turn it into nitrates that can be used by other living things?

Green plants, soil bacteria, worms, decomposers

A

Soil bacteria

71
Q 
Which of the following is not true about photosynthesis 
Uses carbon dioxide
Uses water
Produces carbon dioxide
Produces oxygen
A

Produces carbon dioxide

72
Q

What is the main type of plants in the boreal forest biome

A

Coniferous trees

73
Q

The natural cycle that involves proteins in living things is called

A

Nitrogen cycle

74
Q

A park in a city is an example of

A

Ecosystem

75
Q

Which of the following foods would have the most protein

Beans, potatoes, sugar, lettuce

A

Beans

76
Q

Which of the following would be a limiting factor for a population of frogs

Amount of plants, amount of light, amount of water number or tadpoles

A

Amount of water

77
Q

Which biome in Canada has the poorest soil

A

Tundra

78
Q

Which of the following is decomposer

crow, cow, worm, hawk

A

Worm

79
Q

Which of the following is an example of a predator pray relationship

Fox and mouse
Deer and moose
Flowers and bees
Dog and tape worm

A

Fox and mouse

80
Q

Which one of these is not a reason why wheat has Been genetically modified?

To make is easier to harvest
To make it fluffier when you back with it
To make it take better
To make the seeds stay on the stalk for longer

A

To make it taste better

81
Q

Where does the water for golf courses from in places with dry climates?

A

Ground water

82
Q

In what way has grass evolved-selected by people for use on golf courses
A) the shape of the top of the grass has changed
B) the grass makes its own golf holes
C) The grass has become poisonous
D) the grass has longer roots

A

the shape of the top of the grass has changed

83
Q

How old do cows have to be before they can breed

A

2 years

84
Q

Which of the following did the Canadian Agri-Science Cluster NOT do?

  • Investigating the health benefits or dairy products
  • Providing more jobs for Canadians in the dairy industry
  • Improving the comfort and well-being of dairy cattle
  • Discovering new ways to fight diseases like mastitis
A

Providing more jobs for Canadians in the dairy industry

85
Q

Softwood is more desirable than hardwood because

A

It’s more malleable, less expensive, and has a faster growth rate

86
Q

Forests affect the carbon cycle by:

  • absorbing CO2
  • Producing CO2
  • Transpiration increases CO2 in the environment
  • roots interfere with the carbon cycle
A

absorbing CO2

87
Q

Aquaculture is the production of

A

Fish

88
Q

On which coast is there no aquaculture in Canada

A

Arctic Coast

89
Q

One of the problem with aquaculture

  • fish are unhappy
  • low production rates
  • diseases in the pens
  • not enough room for pens
A

diseases in the pens

90
Q

Chicken farming

  • has a lot of biodiversity
  • has many abiotic interaction
  • has many biotic interactions
  • is not an engineered ecosystem
A

has many abiotic interaction

91
Q

Third nation to launch an object into space

A

Canada

92
Q

Chickens in Canadian chicken farm are:

A native species
A non-native species
Are usually less than normal weight
Usually have spacious living environment

A

A non-native species

93
Q

The existing water reprocessing system on the International Space Station is not 100% efficient because

A- it is broken
B- it is slow
C-it produces some brine
D-some water goes back to the ocean

A

C-it produces some brine

94
Q

The main gas on Earth are

A

Nitrogen and oxygen

95
Q

The Earth’s mass creates a force of gravity which is strong enough to hold_________near the Earth’s surface

A

Gases

96
Q

The layer of gases extending hundreds of kilometres

A

The Earth’s atmosphere

97
Q

Why do we says that the atmosphere acts like a blanket?

A

Because it moderates the surface temperatures

98
Q

The Earth’s solid outer layer is called the

A

Lithosphere

99
Q

The water on

Earth is in a region called

A

The hydrosphere

100
Q

The zone around the Earth where life can exist is called the

A

Biosphere

101
Q

The biosphere contains the zones around the Earth called

A

Lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere

102
Q

An ecosystem is composed of

A

Biotic and abiotic components

103
Q

An ecosystem which is maintained through natural processes is called a

A

Sustainable ecosystem

104
Q

The ability to maintain an ecological balance is called

A

Sustainability

105
Q

51% of energy for the Sun is absorbed by the

A

Lands and oceans

106
Q

19% of the energy from the Sun is absorbed by

A

the clouds and the atmosphere

107
Q

The sun’s energy get converted into chemical energy in a process called

A

Photosynthesis

108
Q

Organisms that perform photosynthesis make their own rich food using

A

Light energy

109
Q

Not all sugars are used towards energy storage, some sugars are used as

A

Building materials

110
Q

Both producers and consumers

A

Cellular respiration

111
Q

The function of a species serves in its ecosystem including what it eats, what eats it, and how it behaves is called

A

Ecological niche

112
Q

An ecological niche explains

A

how species interact with each other

113
Q

An animal that eat plants or other producers is called

A

Herbivore

114
Q

An animal that eats other animals is called

A

Carnivore

115
Q

An animal that eats both plants and animals is an

A

Omnivore

116
Q

An animal that feed on the remains of another organism is

A

A scavenger

117
Q

A sequence of organisms, each feeding on the next, showing how energy is transferred from one level to the next is called

A

Food chain

118
Q

The level of an organism in an ecosystem depending on its feeding position along the food chain is called

A

Tropic level

119
Q

The first tropic level is

A

The producers such as plants

120
Q

The second tropic level is the

A

Primary consumers such as herbivores

121
Q

The third trophic level is

A

The secondary consumers such as carnivores

122
Q

The fourth trophic level is the

A

Tertiary consumers such as birds

123
Q

A representation of the eating relationship within a community

A

A food web

124
Q

Total mass of the organisms in a given area

A

Biomass

125
Q

It decreases in higher trophic levels

A

The biomass of organisms

126
Q

A small proportion of what gets passed on from one trophic level to the next

A

Food energy

127
Q

Two individuals that vie for the same resource is an example of

A

Competition

128
Q

Two individuals benefiting each other is an example of

A

Mutualism

129
Q

Order of the biomes in Canada from the coldest do the hottest

A 
Tundra
Boreal Forest
Grasslands
Decideous Forest
mountain forest
130
Q

Order of the biomes from the wettest to the driest

A 
Mountain forest
Decideous forest
Grasslands
Boreal forest
Tundra
131
Q

The boreal forest is composed of

A

Conifers

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