Ecologie Flashcards
(132 cards)
0
Q
Define litosphere
A
Earth’s solid outer layer
1
Q
Define atmosphere
A
The layer of gases surrounding Earth
2
Q
Define hydrosphere
A
All of Earth’s water in solid, liquid, and gas form
3
Q
Define Biosphere
A
The zone around Earth where life can exist
4
Q
Define ecosystem
A
All the living organisms and their physical and chemical environment
5
Q
Define biotic factors
A
Living things, their remains, and features, such as nests, associated with their activities
6
Q
Define abiotic factors
A
The non-living physical and chemical components of an ecosystem
7
Q
Define sustainable ecosystem
A
An ecosystem that is maintained through natural processes
8
Q
Define sustainability
A
The ability to maintain an ecological balance
9
Q
Define radiant energy
A
Energy that travels through empty space
10
Q
Define light energy
A
Visible forms of radiant energy
11
Q
Define thermal energy
A
The form of energy transferred during heating or cooling
12
Q
Define photosynthesis
A
The process in which the Sun’s energy is converted into chemical energy
13
Q
Define producer
A
An organism that makes its own energy-rich food compounds using the sun’s energy
14
Q
Define cellular respiration
A
The process by which sugar is converted into carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
15
Q
Define consumer
A
An organism that obtains it’s energy from consuming other organisms
16
Q
Define ecological niche
A
The function a species serves in its ecosystem, including what it eats, what eats it, and how it behaves.
17
Q
Define food chain
A
A sequence of organisms, each feeding on the next, showing how energy is transferred from one organism to another.
18
Q
Define Food web
A
A representation of the feeding relationships with a community
19
Q
Define ecological pyramid
A
A representation of energy, numbers, or biomass relationships in ecosystems
20
Q
Define biomass
A
The mass of living organisms in a given area
21
Q
Define biogeochemical cycle
A
The movement of matter through the biotic and abiotic environment
22
Q
Define water cycle
A
The series of processes that cycle water through the environment
23
Q
What is the carbon cycle - define
A
The biogeochemical cycle in which Carbon is cycled through the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere
24
Define nitrogen cycle
The series of processes in which nitrogen compounds are moved through the biotic and abiotic environment.
25
Define limiting factor
Any factor that restricts the size of a population
26
Define tolerance range
The abiotic conditions within which a species can survive
27
Define carrying capacity
The maximum population size of a particular species that a given ecosystem can sustain
28
Define biome
A large geographical region defined by climate (precipitation and temperature) with a specific set of biotic and abiotic features
29
Define oligotrophic
A body of water that is low in nutrients
30
Define eutrophic
A body of water that is rich in nutrients
31
Define watershed
The land area drained by a particular river; also called a drainage basin
32
Define equilibrium
Defines the state of an ecosystem with relatively constant conditions over a period of time
33
Define succession
The gradual and usually predictable changes I the composition of a community and the abiotic conditions following a disturbance
34
What is primary succession
Succession on newly exposed ground, such as following a volcanic eruption
35
Secondary succession
Succession in a partially disturbed ecosystem such as following a forest fire
36
Define biodiversity
The variety of life in a particular ecosystem; also known as biological diversity
37
Define species richness
The number of species in an area
38
Define extinct
Refers to a species that has died out and no longer occurs on Earth
39
Define extirpated
A species that no longer exists in a specific area
40
Define endangered
A species facing imminent extirpation or extinction
41
Define threatened
A species that is likely to become endangered if factors reducing its survival are not changed
42
Define special concern
A species that may become threatened or endangered because of a combination of factors
43
Define invasive species
A non-native species whose intentional or accidental introduction. Negatively impacts the natural environment
44
Define pollution
Harmful contaminants released into the environment
45
Define acid precipitation
Precipitation that has been more acidic the usual by the combination of certain chemicals in the air with water vapour
46
Define neutralize
Counteract the chemical properties of an acid
47
Define bioremediation
The use of micro-organisms to consume and break down environmental pollutants
48
Define stewardship
Taking responsibility for managing and protecting the environment
49
Define monoculture
The cultivation of a single crop in an area
50
Define pest
Any plant, animal, or other organism that causes illness, harm, or annoyance to humans
51
Define natural fertilizer
Plant nutrients that have been obtained from natural sources and have not been chemically altered by humans
52
Synthetic fertilizer
Fertilizers that are manufactured using chemical processes
53
Define leaching
The process by which nutrients are removed from the soil as water passes through it
54
Define pesticide
A substance used to kill a pest
55
Define broad-spectrum pesticide
A pesticide that is effective against many types of pest
56
Define narrow-spectrum pesticide
A pesticide that is effective against only a few types of pest
57
Define bioaccumulation
The concentration of a substance, such as a pesticide, in the body of an organism
58
Define organic farming
The system of agriculture that relies on non-synthetic pesticides and fertilizers
59
Define integrated pest management
A strategy to control pests that uses a combination of physical, chemical, and biological controls
60
What is the solid layer of the Earth
Lithosphere
61
What does pho synthesis do
Converts light energy into food energy
62
Which of the following makes its own energy food? Grass, cow, wolf, worm
Grass
63
Humans interfere with the carbon cycle by burning fossils fuels and making concrete from limestone. Both of these processes produce
Carbon dioxide
64
Ecology - which one of the following is not like the others: wolf, mountain lion, hawk, sparrow
Sparrow
65
Urine starts to smell very quickly because it decomposes into
Ammonia
66
Which of the following compounds contains nitrogen
Carbohydrate, oil protein limestone
Protein
67
What are the most important living things in the nitrogen cycle?
Bacteria, green plants, animals, fungi
Bacteria
68
Almost all living things on Earth perform respiration. Respiration needs what gas from the atmosphere?
Oxygen
69
Which of the following is an energy food
Meat, sugar, broccoli, eggs
Sugar
70
What living things can take nitrogen from the jar and turn it into nitrates that can be used by other living things?
Green plants, soil bacteria, worms, decomposers
Soil bacteria
71
```
Which of the following is not true about photosynthesis
Uses carbon dioxide
Uses water
Produces carbon dioxide
Produces oxygen
```
Produces carbon dioxide
72
What is the main type of plants in the boreal forest biome
Coniferous trees
73
The natural cycle that involves proteins in living things is called
Nitrogen cycle
74
A park in a city is an example of
Ecosystem
75
Which of the following foods would have the most protein
Beans, potatoes, sugar, lettuce
Beans
76
Which of the following would be a limiting factor for a population of frogs
Amount of plants, amount of light, amount of water number or tadpoles
Amount of water
77
Which biome in Canada has the poorest soil
Tundra
78
Which of the following is decomposer
crow, cow, worm, hawk
Worm
79
Which of the following is an example of a predator pray relationship
Fox and mouse
Deer and moose
Flowers and bees
Dog and tape worm
Fox and mouse
80
Which one of these is not a reason why wheat has Been genetically modified?
To make is easier to harvest
To make it fluffier when you back with it
To make it take better
To make the seeds stay on the stalk for longer
To make it taste better
81
Where does the water for golf courses from in places with dry climates?
Ground water
82
In what way has grass evolved-selected by people for use on golf courses
A) the shape of the top of the grass has changed
B) the grass makes its own golf holes
C) The grass has become poisonous
D) the grass has longer roots
the shape of the top of the grass has changed
83
How old do cows have to be before they can breed
2 years
84
Which of the following did the Canadian Agri-Science Cluster NOT do?
- Investigating the health benefits or dairy products
- Providing more jobs for Canadians in the dairy industry
- Improving the comfort and well-being of dairy cattle
- Discovering new ways to fight diseases like mastitis
Providing more jobs for Canadians in the dairy industry
85
Softwood is more desirable than hardwood because
It's more malleable, less expensive, and has a faster growth rate
86
Forests affect the carbon cycle by:
- absorbing CO2
- Producing CO2
- Transpiration increases CO2 in the environment
- roots interfere with the carbon cycle
absorbing CO2
87
Aquaculture is the production of
Fish
88
On which coast is there no aquaculture in Canada
Arctic Coast
89
One of the problem with aquaculture
- fish are unhappy
- low production rates
- diseases in the pens
- not enough room for pens
diseases in the pens
90
Chicken farming
- has a lot of biodiversity
- has many abiotic interaction
- has many biotic interactions
- is not an engineered ecosystem
has many abiotic interaction
91
Third nation to launch an object into space
Canada
92
Chickens in Canadian chicken farm are:
A native species
A non-native species
Are usually less than normal weight
Usually have spacious living environment
A non-native species
93
The existing water reprocessing system on the International Space Station is not 100% efficient because
A- it is broken
B- it is slow
C-it produces some brine
D-some water goes back to the ocean
C-it produces some brine
94
The main gas on Earth are
Nitrogen and oxygen
95
The Earth's mass creates a force of gravity which is strong enough to hold_________near the Earth's surface
Gases
96
The layer of gases extending hundreds of kilometres
The Earth's atmosphere
97
Why do we says that the atmosphere acts like a blanket?
Because it moderates the surface temperatures
98
The Earth's solid outer layer is called the
Lithosphere
99
The water on
| Earth is in a region called
The hydrosphere
100
The zone around the Earth where life can exist is called the
Biosphere
101
The biosphere contains the zones around the Earth called
Lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere
102
An ecosystem is composed of
Biotic and abiotic components
103
An ecosystem which is maintained through natural processes is called a
Sustainable ecosystem
104
The ability to maintain an ecological balance is called
Sustainability
105
51% of energy for the Sun is absorbed by the
Lands and oceans
106
19% of the energy from the Sun is absorbed by
the clouds and the atmosphere
107
The sun's energy get converted into chemical energy in a process called
Photosynthesis
108
Organisms that perform photosynthesis make their own rich food using
Light energy
109
Not all sugars are used towards energy storage, some sugars are used as
Building materials
110
Both producers and consumers
Cellular respiration
111
The function of a species serves in its ecosystem including what it eats, what eats it, and how it behaves is called
Ecological niche
112
An ecological niche explains
how species interact with each other
113
An animal that eat plants or other producers is called
Herbivore
114
An animal that eats other animals is called
Carnivore
115
An animal that eats both plants and animals is an
Omnivore
116
An animal that feed on the remains of another organism is
A scavenger
117
A sequence of organisms, each feeding on the next, showing how energy is transferred from one level to the next is called
Food chain
118
The level of an organism in an ecosystem depending on its feeding position along the food chain is called
Tropic level
119
The first tropic level is
The producers such as plants
120
The second tropic level is the
Primary consumers such as herbivores
121
The third trophic level is
The secondary consumers such as carnivores
122
The fourth trophic level is the
Tertiary consumers such as birds
123
A representation of the eating relationship within a community
A food web
124
Total mass of the organisms in a given area
Biomass
125
It decreases in higher trophic levels
The biomass of organisms
126
A small proportion of what gets passed on from one trophic level to the next
Food energy
127
Two individuals that vie for the same resource is an example of
Competition
128
Two individuals benefiting each other is an example of
Mutualism
129
Order of the biomes in Canada from the coldest do the hottest
```
Tundra
Boreal Forest
Grasslands
Decideous Forest
mountain forest
```
130
Order of the biomes from the wettest to the driest
```
Mountain forest
Decideous forest
Grasslands
Boreal forest
Tundra
```
131
The boreal forest is composed of
Conifers
