Ecological Concerns and the Emergence of Environmentalism

Question 1

Environmentalism

Answer 1

introduced in 1960s, concerns introduced earlier in 19th c

Question 2

3 contributors to modern ideas of environmentalism

Answer 2

Romanticism

Question 3

Romanticism

Answer 3

nature intrinsically has its own value independent of human utility - anti-modern aspects of environmentalism

Question 4

John Muir

Answer 4

associated with Romanticism, founder of the Sierra Club in the 1890s - ‘Yosemite is the Cathedral of Nature’ conservationism

Question 5

Conservatism, Peter Viereck, John gray, Russell Kirk -> ecological idea/movement

Answer 5

theorized that conservatism and conservationism draw from a similar set of values
- Teddy Roosevelt: conservative + staunch environmentalist

Question 6

Utilitarianism, Jeremy Bentham

Answer 6

offshoot of the enlightenment
arg gov action should provide greatest contentment to greatest # of people -> have to get utility from natural environment, therefore we cant destroy it - suggests that forests in particular are a renewable resource (like farmland) and should be treated as a long-term renewable resource

Question 6

scientific revolution + Ecological idea

Answer 6

inc realization of the interconnectedness of the natural world = environment not fit for flora/fauna not fit for humans
= Ecological Idea