Ecological and natural hazards

Question 1

hazard geography

Answer 1

-Study of both natural and anthropogenic hazards
-how a hazard occurs
-its distribution
-impacts it has on humans and the environment
-how humans minimize their impacts and risks

Question 2

temporal distribution

Answer 2

distribution over time and how long it lasts

Question 3

Magnitude (severity factor)

Answer 3

Measures of the strength or intensity of a hazard

Question 4

Duration (severity factor)

Answer 4

length of time a hazard event lasts

Question 5

Frequency (severity factor)

Answer 5

number of times an area experiences a hazard

Question 6

Probability (severity factor)

Answer 6

likelihood of a hazard occurring in a particular location

Question 7

Scale of Spatial impact (severity factor)

Answer 7

the extent of an area that is impacted by a hazard

Question 8

Geomorphic hazard

Answer 8

driven by plate tectonics
e.g. earthquake, landslide

Question 9

atmospheric hazard

Answer 9

created by weather processes
e.g. cyclones, bushfires

Question 10

Hydrologic hazard

Answer 10

driven by water cycle processes
e.g. floods, blizzards

Question 11

Ecological hazard

Answer 11

a biological or chemical hazard

Question 12

spatial distribution

Answer 12

explains how a hazard is spread across the globe
e.g. unifrom, random, clustered

Question 13

1.Mitigation-
Hazard Managment cycle

Answer 13

-moderate severity
-actions that are taken to minimize or eliminate the risk of a hazard

Question 14

Role of spatial Technologies

Answer 14

illustrate what is happening to gain demonstrate an understanding and impact of the past and present situations

Question 15

Preparedness-
Hazard Managment cycle

Answer 15

-prevention
-guaranteeing that emergency services and people at risk are aware of how to respond 

Question 16

Recovery-
Hazard management cycle

Answer 16

action taken to return community to normal or improved conditions following a disaster

Question 17

response-
Hazard management cycle

Answer 17

immediate actions taken during and immediately after disaster to ensure safety provide emergency assistance and reduce further damage 

Question 18

LDCs

Answer 18

-higher population density
-Larger proportion of children
-lack of regulation of rules and enforcement on building codes, construction, and land use planning
-lack of capacity to recover
-lack of financial resources
-farming, economic activity

Question 19

cultural factors

Answer 19

-variations in human settlement
-Distribution and vulnerability of population
-Economic development of a region

Question 20

MDCS

Answer 20

-reduce risks associated with hazard
-reduce vulnerability and lower impact
-well built, structure, strict land use planning disaster planning

Question 21

Proximity to human settlement

Answer 21

about the distance from ongoing hazard
-Measured and mapped by identifying different impact zones of a hazard(spatial impact)
-impact zones change, depending on type of hazard also geology, prevailing wins, landforms, aspect, slope, ecology, waterways, and land uses

Question 22

spatial association

Answer 22

The degree which features are similar distributed
Association can be strong, moderate or weak

Question 23

Vulnerability
high

Answer 23

assesses the risk level and how hazard event will affect life and property. More developed countries are less vulnerable and I’m more able to cope

high vulnerability- high risk of exposure to a hazard and inability to cope with a disastrous event

Question 24

higu vulnerable

Answer 24

Poor countries which are close to the equator
Not able to rebuild what has been damaged
Less resources and power
Less stable building
Lack of training
Prevalence of hunger and endemic disease

Question 25

Less vulnerable to hazards

Answer 25

Wealthier countries
Location
Warning system and level of organization
Education awareness

Question 26

Risk of living close to hazard places

Answer 26

-unpredictability- people may be caught out by either the timing or magnitude of the event
-Lack of alternatives - people might not have access to other living places due to economic, social benefits, or no space
-Dynamic hazard - overtime, the thread of hazard may increase decrease in a place
-Cost versus benefits- the risk of living in a hazard prone region is worth the lifestyle
-Fatalism- acceptance that the risk is unavoidable believe in fate and God
-Adoption- are very prepared for the hazard