ECO Final Exam Study Flashcards
Both households and societies face many decisions because a. resources are scarce b. populations may increase or decrease over time c. wages for households and therefore society fluctuate business cycles d. people, by nature, tend to disagree
resources are scarce
A rational decision maker takes an action only if the a. marginal benefit is less than the marginal costb. marginal benefit is greater than the marginal costc. average benefit is greater than the average costd. any benefit is greater than all cost
marginal benefit is greater than the marginal cost
Sally decides to spend 6 hours working overtime rather than watching a video with her friends. She earns $8 an hour. Her opportunity cost of working isa. the $48 she earns workingb. the $48 minus the enjoyment she would have received from watching a videoc. the enjoyment she would have received when she watched the videod. nothing, since she would have received less than $24 of enjoyment from the video
the enjoyment she would have received when she watched the video
Which one is correct about market economy?a. government agency controls all informationb. former Soviet Union had market economyc. decentralized households and firms who seek self interest interact in goods and service marketd. all of the above answers are correct
decentralized households and firms who seek self interest interact in goods and service market
Which is the correct answer about market failure?a. it is a situation in which the market allocates resources equitablyb. it is a situation in which the market allocates resources efficientlyc. it appears when externalities existd. all of the above answers are correct
it appears when externalities exist
In the simple circular-flow diagram, which is correct?a. firms own the factors of productionb. households sell the goods and services that firms producec. two markets are a market for goods and services and a market for international traded. all of the above are incorrect
all of the above are incorrect
When constructing a simple production possibilities frontier, all of the following are assumptions excepta. all of the economy’s resources are being usedb. the economy has a fixed level of technologyc. the economy has fixed resourcesd. there are two decision makers in the economy
there are two decision makers in the economy
The production possibilities frontier is bow shaped becausea. resources are not perfectly or easily shift-ableb. the amount of resources increasesc. the level of technology increasesd. both b and c are correct
resources are not perfectly or easily shift-able
Which is the correct sequence of the number of sellers from most to least?a. perfect competitive, oligopoly, monopolistic competition, and monopolyb. perfect competitive, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, monopolyc. monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition, perfect competitived. monopolistic competition, monopoly, oligopoly, perfect competitive
perfect competitive, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, monopoly
If Alice receives a decrease in her pay, we would expecta. Alice’s demand for each good she purchases to decreaseb. Alice’s demand for normal goods to decreasec. Alice’s demand for inferior goods to decreased. Alice’s demand for substitute goods to decrease
Alice’s demand for normal goods to decrease
If salsa and chips are complements, a decrease in the price of chips will result in a. an increase in demand for chipsb. an increase in supply of chipsc. an increase in demand for salsad. an increase in supply of salsa
an increase in demand for salsa
On the graph, shifting the demand curve to the right could be caused bya. an increase in input priceb. an increase in the price of the good itselfc. an increase in the price of a complimentd. an increase in the price of a substitute
an increase in the price of a substitute
Which of the following is correct to suppliers?a. If the prices of inputs for the good decrease, the supply curve of the good shifts rightb. If technology improves, then the supply curve shifts leftc. If the rice of the good itself rises, then the supply curve shifts rightd. If consumer income rises, then the supply curve shifts left
If the prices of inputs for the good decrease, the supply curve of the good shifts right
We sum the individual supply curves ______ to obtain the market supply.a. verticallyb. horizontallyc. diagonallyd. and then averaged
horizontally
If the supply of a product increases, we would expecta. both equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity to increaseb. both equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity to decreasec. equilibrium price to increase and equilibrium quantity to decreased. equilibrium price to decrease and equilibrium quantity to increase
equilibrium price to decrease and equilibrium quantity to increase
What would happen to the equilibrium price and quantity of tea if the wages of tea pickers rose and the price of coffee rose at the same time? Coffee and tea are substitutesa. quantity will fall and the effect on price is ambiguousb. quantity will rise and the effect on price is ambiguousc. price will fall and the effect on quantity is ambiguousd. price will rise and the effect on quantity is ambiguous
price will rise and the effect on quantity is ambiguous
Suppose the market price of roses is $20.00 per dozen. The equilibrium price of roses is $15.00 per dozen. We would expect a a. shortage to exist and the market price of roses to decreaseb. shortage to exist and the market price of roses to increasec. surplus to exist and the market price of roses to decreased. surplus to exist and the market price of roses to increase
surplus to exist and the market price of roses to decrease
On the production possibilities frontier shown, which point or points are efficient? a. B b. B, C c. D d. A, D
A, D
On the production possibilities frontier shown, the opportunity cost to the economy of getting 20 additional toasters by moving from point D to point A is a. 60 toothbrushes b. 50 toothbrushes c. 40 toothbrushes d. 30 toothbrushes
30 toothbrushes
According to the graph shown, price of roses and quantity of roses have a. a positive correlation b. a negative correlation c. a random correlation d. no correlation
a negative correlation
In the graph shown, the slope of the curve between points A and B is a. 5/2 b. 2/5 c. -5/2 d. -2/5
-5/2
The movement from point A to point B on the graph is called a. an increase in the quantity supplied b. a decrease in the quantity supplied c. an increase in supply d. a decrease in supply
an increase in the quantity supplied
The price elasticity of demand measures how responsivea. buyers are to a change in incomeb. sellers are to a change in pricec. buyers are to a change in priced. sellers are to a change in buyers incomes
buyers are to a change in price
Suppose there is a 5 percent increase in the price of good X and resulting a 5 percent decrease in the quantity demanded of good X. Price elasticity of demand for X isa. 1b. 5c. 0d. infinite
1