Eco Final

Question 1

Competition

Answer 1

Fighting for resources

Question 2

Interspecific competition

Answer 2

Competition between species

Question 3

Intraspecific competition

Answer 3

Competition within the same species

Question 4

Competitive exclusion principle

Answer 4

If species compete for a limited resource the species that use the resource most efficiently will drive the other species to local extinction (encourages specialization)

Question 5

Ecological niche

Answer 5

The position of the organism in the environment (habitat, activity pattern, resource usage, position in the food web/chain)

Question 6

Disruptive competition

Answer 6

One organism on the way of one organism trying to get the same resource

Question 7

Specialized

Answer 7

Feed on one type of resource

Question 8

Generalized

Answer 8

Can feed on different type of resources

Question 9

Intermediate disturbance hypothesis

Answer 9

Not too much because species diversity decrease and not too little because then specialization happens

Question 10

Biodiversity

Answer 10

Number of species in a specific area

Question 11

Food chain

Answer 11

Organizes animals, plants, and bacteria in a linear relation

Question 12

Food web

Answer 12

Organisms organized like a web, and omnivores can be included not like in the food chain

Question 13

Photo

Answer 13

Light

Question 14

Chemo

Answer 14

Chemicals

Question 15

Autotroph

Answer 15

Self feeder

Question 16

Heterotroph

Answer 16

Other feeder

Question 17

Litotroph

Answer 17

An used inorganic molecule for biosynthesis and as electron donor

Question 18

Organotroph

Answer 18

For electron donor

Question 19

Paradox of enrichment

Answer 19

Too much of a good thing, results in disruption of ecosystem

Question 20

Biomes

Answer 20

Communities around the globe

Question 21

Biogeography

Answer 21

Variation in species composition and diversity among geographic locations

Question 22

Biogeographic patterns

Answer 22

• latitudinal gradient in species richness and composition
• species composition varies from continent to continent, even at the same latitude
• same community type (biome) can vary in species richness and composition depending on its location on earth

Question 23

Global scale

Answer 23

Differences in rates of speciation, extinction, and dispersal over long periods determine differences among communities

Question 24

Regional scale

Answer 24

Areas of uniform climate and associated species

Question 25

Gamma diversity (y)

Answer 25

All of the species contained within a region

Question 26

Landscape scale

Answer 26

Differences in communities within region shaped by rates of extinction and immigration in local habitats

Question 27

Alpha diversity (a)

Answer 27

Species diversity at local scale, within a single habitat

Question 28

Beta diversity (B)

Answer 28

Turnover in species diversity and composition between habitats

Question 29

Diversity differences

Answer 29

Counting the # of species, and counting the overlap in those species

Question 30

Causes of latitudinal gradient Three main hypothesis

Answer 30

1). Tropics have greater diversification rate because of larger land area (things evolve faster in the tropics) 2). Tropics have had more time for diversification to take place - climatically stable for a longer time period 3). Tropics have higher productivity- tropics can support species more because there are more resources

Question 31

What determines how many species will be at a particular location?

Answer 31

Speciation rate, immigration rate Extinction rate, emigration rate

Question 32

Community stability

Answer 32

Community remains or returns to its original structure and function after a perturbation

Question 33

Succession

Answer 33

Change in species composition of communities over time as a result of abiotic and biotic agents of change

Question 34

Facilitation model

Answer 34

Help other species, so more habitable (ex. Lupine- nitrogen fixation)

Question 35

Tolerance model

Answer 35

Only species that are able to survive on that environment

Question 36

Inhibition model

Answer 36

Inhibits other species from being in the environment

Question 37

Alternative stable states

Answer 37

Different communities might develop in the same area under similar environmental conditions

Question 38

NPP

Answer 38

Net primary reproductivity

Question 39

GPP

Answer 39

Gross primary productivity

Question 40

NEE

Answer 40

Net ecosystem exchange

Question 41

AR AND HR

Answer 41

AR- autotrophic respiration HR- heterotrophic respiration

Question 42

Secondary production

Answer 42

The amount of carbon that’s consumed by heterotrophs

Question 43

Net secondary production

Answer 43

The actual measure of what the organisms are actually holding onto

Question 44

Redfield ratio for plants - C:N:P

Answer 44

106:16:1

Question 45

Mineralization

Answer 45

When we lose energy

Question 46

Mechanical watering

Answer 46

Physical breakdown by plant roots, gravity and expansion and contraction during freeze-thaw and drying-resetting cycles

Question 47

Chemical watering

Answer 47

Chemical reactions release double forms of the mineral elements