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Ecology > Eco Final > Flashcards

Eco Final Flashcards

1
Q

Competition

A

Fighting for resources

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2
Q

Interspecific competition

A

Competition between species

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3
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Competition within the same species

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4
Q

Competitive exclusion principle

A

If species compete for a limited resource the species that use the resource most efficiently will drive the other species to local extinction (encourages specialization)

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5
Q

Ecological niche

A

The position of the organism in the environment (habitat, activity pattern, resource usage, position in the food web/chain)

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6
Q

Disruptive competition

A

One organism on the way of one organism trying to get the same resource

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7
Q

Specialized

A

Feed on one type of resource

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8
Q

Generalized

A

Can feed on different type of resources

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9
Q

Intermediate disturbance hypothesis

A

Not too much because species diversity decrease and not too little because then specialization happens

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10
Q

Biodiversity

A

Number of species in a specific area

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11
Q

Food chain

A

Organizes animals, plants, and bacteria in a linear relation

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12
Q

Food web

A

Organisms organized like a web, and omnivores can be included not like in the food chain

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13
Q

Photo

A

Light

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14
Q

Chemo

A

Chemicals

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15
Q

Autotroph

A

Self feeder

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16
Q

Heterotroph

A

Other feeder

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17
Q

Litotroph

A

An used inorganic molecule for biosynthesis and as electron donor

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18
Q

Organotroph

A

For electron donor

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19
Q

Paradox of enrichment

A

Too much of a good thing, results in disruption of ecosystem

20
Q

Biomes

A

Communities around the globe

21
Q

Biogeography

A

Variation in species composition and diversity among geographic locations

22
Q

Biogeographic patterns

A
  • latitudinal gradient in species richness and composition
  • species composition varies from continent to continent, even at the same latitude
  • same community type (biome) can vary in species richness and composition depending on its location on earth
23
Q

Global scale

A

Differences in rates of speciation, extinction, and dispersal over long periods determine differences among communities

24
Q

Regional scale

A

Areas of uniform climate and associated species

25
Q

Gamma diversity (y)

A

All of the species contained within a region

26
Q

Landscape scale

A

Differences in communities within region shaped by rates of extinction and immigration in local habitats

27
Q

Alpha diversity (a)

A

Species diversity at local scale, within a single habitat

28
Q

Beta diversity (B)

A

Turnover in species diversity and composition between habitats

29
Q

Diversity differences

A

Counting the # of species, and counting the overlap in those species

30
Q

Causes of latitudinal gradient
Three main hypothesis

A

1). Tropics have greater diversification rate because of larger land area (things evolve faster in the tropics)
2). Tropics have had more time for diversification to take place - climatically stable for a longer time period
3). Tropics have higher productivity- tropics can support species more because there are more resources

31
Q

What determines how many species will be at a particular location?

A

Speciation rate, immigration rate
Extinction rate, emigration rate

32
Q

Community stability

A

Community remains or returns to its original structure and function after a perturbation

33
Q

Succession

A

Change in species composition of communities over time as a result of abiotic and biotic agents of change

34
Q

Facilitation model

A

Help other species, so more habitable (ex. Lupine- nitrogen fixation)

35
Q

Tolerance model

A

Only species that are able to survive on that environment

36
Q

Inhibition model

A

Inhibits other species from being in the environment

37
Q

Alternative stable states

A

Different communities might develop in the same area under similar environmental conditions

38
Q

NPP

A

Net primary reproductivity

39
Q

GPP

A

Gross primary productivity

40
Q

NEE

A

Net ecosystem exchange

41
Q

AR AND HR

A

AR- autotrophic respiration
HR- heterotrophic respiration

42
Q

Secondary production

A

The amount of carbon that’s consumed by heterotrophs

43
Q

Net secondary production

A

The actual measure of what the organisms are actually holding onto

44
Q

Redfield ratio for plants - C:N:P

A

106:16:1

45
Q

Mineralization

A

When we lose energy

46
Q

Mechanical watering

A

Physical breakdown by plant roots, gravity and expansion and contraction during freeze-thaw and drying-resetting cycles

47
Q

Chemical watering

A

Chemical reactions release double forms of the mineral elements

Ecology (1 decks)

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