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CH 37 Orthopaedic Trauma > ECITS > Flashcards

ECITS Flashcards

1
Q

Fatigue fractures or March fractures can commonly be called

A

Stress fractures

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2
Q

Signs of a fracture include the following

A 
Deformity
Shortening
Swelling
Guarding
Tenderness
Crepitus
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3
Q

A fracture that is parallel to the long axis of the bone

A

Linear fracture

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4
Q

A fracture that is straight across a bone at right angles to each cortex

A

Transverse fracture

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5
Q

A fracture at an angle across the bone

A

oblique Fx

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6
Q

More than two fracture fragments in one Area of bone

A

Comminuted Fx

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7
Q

Less than two fracture fragrance but breaks occur in different parts of the bone

A

Segmental fracture

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8
Q

Displaced fracture

A

Ends of the fracture move from their normal position

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9
Q

Avulsion fracture

A

Muscle contraction causes the insertion site of the muscle to be fractured off of the bone

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10
Q

Can a LBB to be used as a full body splint

A

Yes

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11
Q

When should you complete full assessment of musculoskeletal injuries in a critical patient

A

In route

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12
Q

What is typically your greatest concern with a fracture

A

Hypoperfusion

Treat for possible shock if pale cool or clammy

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13
Q

The 6 P’s of musculoskeletal assessment

A 
Pain
Paralysis
Paresthesia
Pulselessness
Pallor
Pressure
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14
Q

What are you attempting to identify with palpation at an injured site

A

Instability, deformity, abnormal joint continuity, displaced bones, Crepitus, Distal pulses

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15
Q

Potential blood loss from the pelvis fracture

A

1500 to 3000 mL

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16
Q

Potential blood loss for a femur fracture

A

1000 1500 mL

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17
Q

Potential blood loss for humorous, tip fib, ankle or elbow fracture

A

250 to 500 mL

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18
Q

Potential blood loss for a radial or ulna fracture

A

150 to 250 mL

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19
Q

What to drug classifications can help reduce pain and a fracture site

A

Analgesics an antispasmotics such as diazepam and lorazepam

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20
Q

Cold packs should be used during what time frame

A

Initial 48 hours

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21
Q

What timeframe should you avoid using hot packs

A

The initial 48 to 72 hours

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22
Q

What are the benefits of splinting

A

Reduces further damage two muscles, nerves, vessels, skin

Allows clots to form

23
Q

What is the best way to stabilize multiple fractures

A

Long backboard

24
Q

What are ossification centers

A

Growth plates

25
What are the types of injuries that a blood vessel can sustain due to a fracture
Contusion, Laceration, kink or band, pseudo aneurysms or a thrombosis
26
One of the most devastating consequences of musculoskeletal injury
Compartment syndrome
27
Open are safe from developing compartment syndrome
False
28
Signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome
``` Disproportional localized searing pain not relieved by medication Firm to the touch Pallored skin Paresthesia Burning numbness Pulselessness is a late sign ```
29
Management of compartment syndrome
Elevate extremity to heart level Cold packs Openly losing constrictive clothing and splinting High flow oxygen Bolus of fluid to help kidneys flush toxins due to Rhabdo
30
A prolonged compressive force that impairs muscle metabolism and circulation
Crush syndrome
31
What are the primary substances of concern and crush syndrome
Lactic acid, potassium, and myoglobin
32
Treatment to take before releasing the compressive force in a crush injury patient
High flow oxygen Bolus of fluid EKG monitoring for hyperkalemia Albuterol treatment to protect against potassium overload
33
After extrication in a crush injury patient, if an EKG shows hyperkalemia what is the treatment
Calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate
34
Signs and symptoms of a DVT
Disproportionate swelling of an extremity discomfort that worsens with use Warmth and erythema
35
What is Volkman ischemic contracture
A condition in which muscles of the forearm degenerate from prolonged ischemia
36
What is a major complication of the scaphoid fracture
Avascular necrosis
37
What is the functional position for an injured hand splint
The wrist and 30° of dorsiflexion with fingers slightly flexed
38
Three types of pelvic fractures
Lateral compression Vertical sheer Anterior posterior compression
39
Does the pelvic volume increase or decrease in the lateral compression fracture
Decrease
40
Does the pelvic volume increase or decrease In an anterior posterior compression pelvic fracture
Increases | A.k.a. open book pelvic fracture
41
Does the pelvic volume increase or decrease in a vertical sheer pelvic fracture
Increase
42
Is a patient with the vertical sheer pelvic fracture likely to display a significant shortening of The affected limb side
Yes
43
Should you reassess pelvic stability more than once
No
44
Management of a unstable pelvic fracture
Two large bore IVs and fluid administration to maintain adequate tissue perfusion Pelvic binder ABC's Spinal stabilization
45
What can a hip fracture consist of
Femoral head, femoral neck, intertrochanteric region or proximal for moral shaft
46
What are fractures of the for moral head usually associated with
If this location
47
Intertrochanteric fractures are usually associated with what population
Geriatric due to falls
48
What is a common presentation for a displaced hip fracture
An externally rotated and shortened leg
49
Management of a femoral fracture
``` Treat for shock Spinal mobilization IV access Traction splint Pain medication ```
50
Common complications of a tib/fib fracture
Compartment syndrome, neurovascular injury, infection, poor healing, And chronic pain
51
A calcaneus fracture is often associated with what other fractures
Knee pelvis and spine | Requires spinal stabilization particularly if it is a bilateral calcaneous fracture
52
Why is a sternoclavicular dislocation a possibly life threatening injury
Due to possible damage of the trachea, esophagus, jugular vein, subclavian artery, Carotid artery
53
Common cause of a shoulder dislocation
Falling on an outstretched abducted and externally rotated arm

CH 37 Orthopaedic Trauma (1 decks)

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