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Bio 20 > Echology Chap4 > Flashcards

Echology Chap4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Evolution

A

Scientific theory that explains the change in the generic composition of a population from generation to generation

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2
Q

Adaption

A

Inherited characteristics that helps a species to survive and to reproduce in a particular environment

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3
Q

Variation

A

Visible or invisible differences between one species and other members of a population

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4
Q

Causes of variation

A

• sexual reproduction
• mutations:
- mistakes copying DNA
- mutagens

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5
Q

Selective Advantage

A

Characteristic that improve’s an individual’s chance of survival, usually in a changing environment

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6
Q

Natural Selection

A

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits

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7
Q

Lamarck’ Theory

A

Parts of body used extensively become larger and stronger, while those that are not used deteriorate. An organism can pass these modifications to it’s offspring

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8
Q

What does natural selection need to occur?

A

A variety or diversity within a speies

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9
Q

Darwin’s Theory: Survival of the Fittest

A

1) overpopulation
2) competition/ struggle of Existence
3) Variation
4) survival of the fittest
5) Origins of New species/ speciation

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10
Q

Overproduction

A

More offspring are produced than are intended to survive

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11
Q

Competition/ struggle of existence

A

Because of overpopulation, organisms will compete for all resources

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12
Q

Variation “Darwin’s Theory”

A

There is a great deal of variation within any given species. The greater the amount if variation within a species the greater the chance of survival

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13
Q

Origins if new species/ speciation

A

Combined changes in a population lead to the development of a new species.
You know you have a new species if it is incapable of producing viable offspring with members of population that genetically resemble it

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14
Q

The theory of evolution is based on:

A

1) change on DNA (mutation) which gives variation to a population
2) pressure from environment that will either select for or against certain traits

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15
Q

What does the theory if evolution by natural selection attempt to explain?

A

Why living things, so similar in their biochemistry and molecular biology, are so different in function

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16
Q

Divergent Evolution

A

The process of two or more related species becoming more and more dissimilar

17
Q

Convergent evolution

A

The process where unrelated species become more an more similar in appearance as they adapt to the same kind of environment

18
Q

What is the study of fossil?

A

Paleontology

19
Q

Transitional Fossils

A

New discoveries of fossils, that help to fill on the gaps in the fossil record

20
Q

How neutralists determine the age of different fossils?

A

Radiometric dating is used to determine the age of fossils.
• Relative Dating
• Index fossils

21
Q

Relative Dating

A

Determines the sequential order of a series of events

22
Q

Index fossils

A

Used to define and identify different geologic periods

23
Q

What is biogeography?

A

The study of distribution of life in Earth

24
Q

Anatomical Evidence

A

Similarities exist between different species that suggest common ancestor/ origin
• homologous structures
• analogous features

25
Q

Homologous structure

A
  • similar in origin (appearance)
  • common ancestor
  • different function/ use
26
Q

Analogous Features

A
  • similar appearance
  • similar function
  • different origin (ancestor)
27
Q

Vestigial Features

A

Structures that have no useful function/ purpose in modern organism but most likely had a use in an ancestral form

28
Q

Physiological Evidence

A

Certain chemicals in organisms as well as the function of these chemicals are similar if bot be the same.
•Hormones
•Thyroxin

29
Q

Biochemical Evidence

A

Similarity in DNA sequences; used to determine similarities and common ancestory

30
Q

Artificial Selection

A

Human’s selecting and breeding organisms with specific trait

Bio 20 (2 decks)

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