Echo Board Review

Question 1

Abx PPX used for?

4 things

Answer 1

Prosthetic valves or material

H/o endocarditis

Heart transplant WITH abnl valve function

Cyanotic CHD not fully repaired or <6 mo within repair or residual defect after repair

Question 2

Location of vegetation or mass

Marantic?

Infective?

Lambl

Pap fibroelastoma

Answer 2

Downstream

Upstream

Downstream

Downstream

Question 3

When is E/e’ inaccurate?

5 things

Answer 3

MS

MAC

Prosthetic MV

MR

Diffuse severe LV dysfunction

Question 4

BSA indexing is insensitive to what body measure

Answer 4

Obesity or BMI

Question 5

Direction of jet in:

Prolapse

Restricted leaflet

Answer 5

Away

Toward

Question 6

Coanda effect

Answer 6

Eccentric jets don’t occupy much LA area

Question 7

ERO for mitral =

RF for mitral =

Answer 7

MR volume / MR VTI

MR vol / MV SV

Question 8

Cutoffs for severe MR

MR volume

ERO

Vena Contracta

RF

Answer 8

60 cm3

0. 4 mm2
1. 7

50%

Question 9

Syndrome a/w subaortic membrane

Answer 9

William syndrome

Question 10

Aortic Root cutoff for surgery?

Woman with Marfan wants pregnant

LDS

BAV with Marfan

BAV change per year

Degenerative or BAV alone

Answer 10

4

4. 2
5. 5

> 0.5 per yr and 5.0 cm

5.5

Question 11

Hypereosinophilic syndrome features

Treatment?

Answer 11

Restrictive CM

MR

Systemic manifestations

Peripheral eosinophilia

Almost looks like thrombus extending to MV annulus

Tx with AC and immunosuppressants

Question 12

Carcinoid echo features

Answer 12

Thick fixed TV leaflets

Torrential TR

Poss TS

Possible PV involvement

Question 13

Plaquenil induced CM features

Answer 13

Very similar to amyloid

Question 14

Hemochromatosis CM features

Answer 14

Dilated CM

No LGE

Arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities

Question 15

ARVD diagnosis

Answer 15

Regional akinesis/dyskinesia/aneurysm

AND

RVOT (prox) >= 32 mm PLAX
RVOT >= 36 mm PSAX
Or FAC <= 33%

Minor criteria
29 mm, 32 mm, 34-40%

Question 16

Noonan defects that can be present (4)

Answer 16

PS

ASD

TOF

HCM later

Question 17

Trisomy 18

Name

Possible defects (2)

Answer 17

Edwards

VSD

TOF

Question 18

DiGeorge

Defects (4)

Answer 18

TOF

TA

Interrupted Ao Arch

Pulm atresia with VSD

Question 19

BAV associates defects

4

Answer 19

Dilated aorta

CoArc

VSD

PDA

ASD

Question 20

Y descent

Tamponade?

Constriction?

Answer 20

Absent

Prominent

Question 21

MVA formula

1. For pressure halftime
2. For Decel time

Answer 21

220/PHT

220/(PHT*0.29)

Decel time = PHT*0.29

Question 22

Annulus reversus

Definition and disease

Answer 22

Medial e’ > Lateral e’

Constrictive pericarditis

Question 23

Annulus paradoxus

Definition and disease

Answer 23

An increase in E/e’ is NOT associated with an increase in Wedge pressure

Constrictive pericarditis

Question 24

Hepatic flow in constrictive pericarditis

Answer 24

Excitatory diastolic flow reversal