Echo Board Review 2nd edition by Ramdas Pai

Question 1

The speed of sound in tissues is

Answer 1

1540 m/s

(154,000 cm/s)

Question 2

The relationship between propagation speed, frequency, and wavelength is given by the formula

Answer 2

Propagation speed = frequency x wavelength

Question 3

The frame rate increases with

Answer 3

Reducing sector angle

Question 4

Period is a measure of

Answer 4

Duration of one wavelength

Question 5

Determination of regurgitant orifice area by the proximal is-velocity surface area (PISA) method is based on:

Answer 5

Law of conservation of mass

Question 6

In which situation can you not use the simplified Bernoulli equation to derive the pressure gradient?

Answer 6

Peak instantaneous gradient across a non obstructed mitral valve

Question 7

Which of the following resolutions change with increasing field depth?

Answer 7

Lateral resolution

Question 8

With a fixed-focus transducer with crystal diameter 20mm and wavelength 2.5mm, what is the depth of the focus

Answer 8

40 mm

(20mm^2) / (2.5mm x 4) = 400/10 = 40mm

Question 9

A sonographer adjusts the ultrasound machine to double the depth of view from 5 to 10 cm. If sector angle is reduced to keep the frame rate constant, which of the following has changed?

Answer 9

Lateral resolution

Question 10

Which of the following properties of a reflected wave is most important in the genesis of a two-dimensional image?

Answer 10

Amplitude

Question 11

Increasing depth will change all of the following except:

Answer 11

Pulse duration

Question 12

The two dimensional images are produced because of this phenomenon when the ultrasound reaches the tissue:

Question 13

Attenuation of ultrasound as it travels through tissue is higher at:

Answer 13

Greater depth

Question 14

The half-intensity depth is a measure of

Answer 14

Ultrasound attenuation in tissue

Question 15

What is the highest pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of a 3 MHz pulsed wave transducer imaging at a depth of 7cm?

Question 16

Examples of continuous wave imaging include:

Answer 16

Nonimaging Doppler probe (pedoff)

Question 17

Which of the following manipulations will increase the frame rate?

Answer 17

Decrease sector angle

Question 18

The lateral resolution increases with:

Answer 18

Beam focusing

Question 19

Axial resolution can be improved by which of the following manipulations?

Answer 19

Increase transmit frequency

Question 20

Type of sound used in medical imaging is:

Answer 20

Ultrasound