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ECHO (all levels) > Echo > Flashcards

Echo Flashcards

1
Q

2 aortic valve cusps seen in A3ch view

A

RCC (ant), NCC (post)

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2
Q

4 phases of diastole

A

IVRT, early filling, diastasis, late filling

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3
Q

PV seen entering LA in PLAX view

A

lower PV

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4
Q

bulbus cordis gives rise to

A

aorta, PA and truncus arteriosus

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5
Q

steep slope on AI indicates

A

less severe

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6
Q

long slope on AI indicates

A

more severe

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7
Q

Expiration ______ venous return to RA, RV

A

DECREASES

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8
Q

PISA is for

A

MR

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9
Q

most common ASD

A

ostium primum

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10
Q

walls seen in A2CH

A

ant, inf

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11
Q

walls seen in A4CH

A

septal, lateral

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12
Q

normal RV thickness

A

< 5 mm

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13
Q

normal EF

A

52-72 % (males)

54-74% (females)

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14
Q

the LAD feeds which wall

A

anterior apical wall

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15
Q

A2CH- AMVL on which side

A

lateral

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16
Q

RVOT which leaflets seen?

A

septal and right (right and left posterior)

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17
Q

systole occupies ___ of cycle, diastole __

A

1/3; 2/3

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18
Q

phases of cardiac cycle

A

IVCT - systole- IVRT - diastole

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19
Q

IVCT lasts

A

30-50 ms

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20
Q

ventricular systole lasts

A

300 ms

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21
Q

IVRT lasts

A

50-100 ms

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22
Q

3 phases of diastole

A

early filling, diastasis, late filling

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23
Q

length-tension relationship

A

Frank-Starling

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24
Q

force-velocity relationship

A

Inotropic/contractility

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25
interval-strength relationship
chronotropic
26
Valsalva ____ preload
reduces (venous return)
27
P wave represents
atrial depolarization
28
PR interval represents
atrial contraction
29
QRS duration
< 100 ms
30
QRS interval represents
ventricular depolarization
31
ST segment represents
gap between ventricular depolarization and repolarization
32
ST elevation indicates
MI
33
ST depression indicates
myocardial ischemia
34
T wave represents
electrically - ventricular repolarization | mechanically - ventricular systole
35
normal MPAP
15-30 mmHg
36
MPAP formula
= 80- 0.5(PAT)
37
normal RVSP
< 40 mmHg
38
normal FS
25-45 %
39
normal basal RV diameter
< 42 mm
40
TV closes ____ than MV
earlier
41
normal TAPSE
> 17 mm
42
normal E/A ratio
>/= 0.8
43
S1 sound
AV valves closing (MV, TV)
44
S2 sound
SL valves closing (AoV, PV)
45
S4
abnormal, end diastole, atria contracting, very stiff ventricle
46
S3
"ventricular gallop", just after S2, blood striking compliant ventricle
47
AS sound
crescendo/ decrescendo
48
walls seen in A3CH
basal and mid anteroseptal, apical anterior, apical lateral, basal and mid inferolateral
49
A1, P1 scallops of MV lie on the ____ side in PSAX view
medial
50
LA volume index done by
biplane disks methods
51
apical lateral, mid, basal anterolateral segments perfused by
LAD, LCX
52
AV cusps seen in A3CH view
RCC - near septum | NCC - near AMVL
53
LV mass index for men and women
115 g/m^2; 95
54
normal RVSP
15-30 mmHg
55
RA volume
< 27 | < 32
56
RV FAC
> 35 %
57
normal MV DT
160-220 ms
58
E/e' ratio
< 8
59
what happens to IVRT length when LVEDP increases
shortens
60
phase 2 of action potential
plateau phase
61
AV node rate of firing
40-60 bpm
62
rest and digest NS
parasympathetic
63
effect of parasympathetic NS on heart rate and contractility
both decrease
64
normal dp/ dt
> 1000 mmHg/s
65
what does dp/dt measure
global systolic function of LV
66
TV leaflets seen in RVIT view
septal, anterior
67
sign indicating RVVO
IVS flattening in diastole, round in systole
68
sign indicating RVPO
IVS flattening in diastole AND systole
69
PV A wave reversal indicates
severe diastolic dysfunction
70
PV A wave reversal abn value
> 0.35 cm/s
71
late peaking, "dagger" shaped spectral
subaortic stenosis caused by HOCM
72
vena contracta size of severe MR
> 6 mm

ECHO (all levels) (2 decks)

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