Echinoderms

Question 1

400 million- years ago ________ were among the most prevalent marine creatures in the ocean.

Answer 1

echinoderms

Question 2

______ (sand, mud, and excrement) at the opening of U-shaped burrows are evidence of worm-like animals that are members of the phylum ________.

Other members of this phylum include equally unfamiliar filter feeders called _______.

Answer 2

Coiled castings; Hemichordata
pterobranchs

Question 3

Phylum of Echinoderms and Hemichordates are the first members of the clade_________
Second embryonic opening.
Indeterminate development and radial Cleavage.

The echinoderms and hemichordates are covered in one chapter because they comprise the deuterostome clade _______.

Studies of Hox genes, RNA genes, and mitochondrial DNA have led researchers to agree on the common ancestry of members of these two phyla.

Answer 3

Deuterostomia
Ambulacraria

Question 4

_______ are a major group of only marine animals.
• The name comes from the Greek word for “_______”.

Answer 4

Echinoderms (scientific name Echinodermata)
spiny skin

Question 5

There are about 7,000 species found usually on the sea floor in every marine habitat from the intertidal zone to the ocean depths.

They have a wide variety of colors.

Answer 5

Echinoderms

Question 6

Others feed and decaying matter called _____ found the ocean floor.

Answer 6

detritus ( de TRI tus )

Question 7

All ocean-dweling -Tidal pools, deep ocean, seafloors, near the shore.
• Carnivores and Scavengers -They eat: slow-moving sedentary/ mollusks and dead organisms. - Some eat a live coral, causing major destruction to the coral reefs.
• Wide range of colors and sizes.

Answer 7

CLASS ASTEROIDEA

Question 8

• Spiny Skin
• Tube feet
• Arms
• Central disk

Answer 8

CLASS ASTEROIDEA

Question 9

• Slowing
• Feet provide suction
• Rock pools and beaches
• Brackish water
• Camouflage adaptation

Answer 9

CLASS ASTEROIDEA

Question 10

• Egg and Sperm Cell
• External fertilization free spawning
• Rapid Metamorphose into adult
• Ability to Regenerate
• 5-34 years life spam

Answer 10

CLASS ASTEROIDEA

Question 11

• The most abundant echinoderms (about 2000 known species worldwide)
•Nocturnal Animals

Answer 11

CLASS OPHIUROIDEA

Question 12

SKELETON

•Brittle stars have long flexible arms that attach to a _____.

Answer 12

central disk

Question 13

TWO TYPES OSSICLES

Answer 13

•ARM OSSICLES
•SKELETAL OSSICLES

Question 14

•Phylum Echinodermata
•Regular and irregular
•Found in all intertidal zones
•1000 known species

Answer 14

CLASS ECHINOIDEA

Question 15

_______
- 450 million years ago during the ordovician

________
Ancestral duetorostome believed to evolve from the edioasteroids

Answer 15

REGULAR ECHINOIDS
IRREGULAR ECHINOIDS

Question 16

• Water Vascular system
•Locomotion
•Respiration
•Food an waste transportation
•Aristotle’s lantern
•Bilateral symmetry
•Test (aka the shell)
•Movable spines
•Inhabit ocean floor
•Omnivores

Answer 16

REGULAR ECHINOIDS

Question 17

•Penta-radial and bilateral symmetry
•Anus on the side rather than apex.

Answer 17

IRREGULAR ECHINOIDS

Question 18

•About 2 inches in diameter
•Muddy areas, burrowing up to 6 inches
•Most common in depths under 16ft

Answer 18

HEART URCHIN

Question 19

•Shallow, Sandy areas
•Flattened
•Miniature spines(felt like)
•Aristotle’s lantern (mouth) more flat and grinds sand
•Bury themselves for defense

Answer 19

SAND DOLLAR

Question 19

______

This class contains approximately 1,500 species. ______, is a group of economically important echinoderms. They are marine animals with a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad (organ that makes gametes).

Answer 19

CLASS HOLOTHUROIDEA;
SEA CUCUMBERS

Question 20

_____have no arms, and they are elongate along the oral-aboral axis. Most adults range in length between 10 and 30 cm; play an important role in the recycling of nutrients.

Answer 20

Sea cucumbers

Question 21

The sea cucumber is capable of ______ (casting off) its internal body organs during times of stress which can later be regenerated.

Answer 21

eviscerating

Question 22

_______, commonly called sea lilies. Approximately 630 species are living today.

Answer 22

Crinoidea

Question 23

______ use outstretched arms for feeding. The foot of the tube is attached to any planktonic organism that touches it. The cilia in the ambulacral grooves carry it to the mouth. This method of feeding is different from the feeding of modern echinoderms. But it shows the original function of the water vascular system.

Answer 23

Crinoids

Question 24

Gametes are formed by _____ in the coelom.

Answer 24

germinal epithelium