Echinodermata and Hemichordata

Question 1

Deuterostomes

Answer 1

“Mouth second”

Question 2

In Deuterostomes ___ develops into the ___

Answer 2

Blastopore, anus

Question 3

All deuterostomes are ___

Answer 3

eucoelomate

Question 4

The ancestral deuterostome was likely a ___

Answer 4

filter - feeding animal

Question 5

(Deuterostomes) Water enters the ___ and exits the ___

Answer 5

mouth, gill slits

Question 6

Ambulacraria

Answer 6

Clade within deuterostomia

Question 6

Moder echinoderms secondarily lost ___

Answer 6

gill slits

Question 7

Ambulacraria contains 2 phyla:

Answer 7

Echinodermata, Hemochordata

Question 8

Echinodermata

Answer 8

“Spiny skin”

Question 9

(Echinodermata) Composed of around ___ described living species

Answer 9

7000

Question 10

(Echinodermata) Living species including ___ , ___ , ___ , and ___

Answer 10

Sea stars, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, sea urchins

Question 11

(Echinodermata) ___ symmetrical, Ancestors were ___ symmetrical

Answer 11

Radially, bilaterally

Question 12

(Echinodermata) Exclusively found in ___ environments

Answer 12

Marine

Question 13

(Echinodermata) Most common animals in ___

Answer 13

Deep oceans

Question 14

(Echinodermata) ___ are the most abundants animals in the Philippine Trench

Answer 14

Sea cucmbers,

Question 15

(Echinodermata) Most echinoderms cannot ___ against strong ___

Answer 15

Osmoregulate, concentration gradients

Question 16

(Echinodermata) None are ___

Answer 16

Parasitic

Question 17

(Echinodermata) ___ is extensive

Answer 17

Coelom

Question 18

(Echinodermata) Coelom is divided into ___ parts

Answer 18

3

Question 19

(Echinodermata) Coelmo forms the ___ and the ___

Answer 19

Perivisceral cavity, water vascular system

Question 20

(Echinodermata) Part of the coleom is modified into a ___

Answer 20

water vascular system

Question 21

(Echinodermata) water vascular system consists of a ___ and ___ along each arm

Answer 21

Central ring canal, radial canals

Question 22

(Echinodermata) ___ circulates around this system to facilitate ___ and ___

Answer 22

Seawater, gas exchange, hydrostatic pressure

Question 23

(Echinodermata) ___ expand and contract with the pressure in the system

Answer 23

Tube feet

Question 24

(Echinodermata) ___ movement

Answer 24

Slow but powerful

Question 25

(Echinodermata) The ___ on top of the body regulates ___

Answer 25

madreporite, the amount of water

Question 26

(Echinodermata) Each tube foot is a ___ with a ___ on the inner end, and a ___ on the outer end

Answer 26

hollow muscular tube, muscular sac, sucker

Question 27

(Echinodermata) Tube feet also facilitate ___ and ___

Answer 27

Gas exchange, nitrogenous waste excretion

Question 28

(Echinodermata) Nutrients are circulated by a ___ and by ___

Answer 28

hemal system, peritoneal cilia

Question 29

(Echinodermata) ___ is reduced, ___ are the main circulatory structure

Answer 29

Hemal system, peritoneal cilia

Question 30

(Echinodermata) Digestive system ___

Answer 30

Usually complete

Question 31

(Echinodermata) ___ is on the ventral surface and opens to a ___ into a ___

Answer 31

Mouth, short esophagus, large stomach

Question 32

(Echinodermata) Have a true ___

Answer 32

Endoskeleton

Question 33

(Echinodermata) endoskeleton made up of tiny "bones" called ___

Answer 33

ossicles

Question 34

(Echinodermata) ___ nervous system

Answer 34

Simple

Question 35

(Echinodermata) ___ nerve ring with ___ extending outward along the arms

Answer 35

Circumoral, 5 nerves

Question 36

(Echinodermata) ___ similar to a brain

Answer 36

No structures

Question 37

(Echinodermata) are ___

Answer 37

Dioecious

Question 38

(Echiondermata) No sexual ___ , males and females are ___ apart from gametes

Answer 38

dimorphism, identical

Question 39

(Echinodermata) Fertilization is ___

Answer 39

external

Question 40

(Echinodermata) The larvae are ___ symmetrical

Answer 40

bilaterally

Question 41

(Echinodermata) sea stars, brittle stars, and sea cucumbers can reproduce asexually through ___

Answer 41

fragmentation

Question 42

(Echinodermata) Body parts lost can grow back even if ___ of the body is gone

Answer 42

75%

Question 43

(Echinoderm) 5 classes

Answer 43

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, Holothuroidea

Question 44

Asteroidea

Answer 44

sea stars

Question 45

(Asteroidea) Characterized by ___ extending from a ___

Answer 45

thick arms, central disk

Question 46

(Asteroidea) Usually have ___ arms

Answer 46

5

Question 47

(Asteroidea) ___ branch out into the arms

Answer 47

Organs

Question 48

(Asteroidea) ___ and ___ can be found on the end of each arm

Answer 48

Eye spots, touch receptors

Question 49

(Asteroidea) Mostly ___

Answer 49

carnivores

Question 50

(Asteroidea) Tube feet are used for ___ and ___

Answer 50

Gripping surfaces, catching prey

Question 51

(Asteroidea) ___ are the main prey of sea stars

Answer 51

Mollusks

Question 52

(Asteroidea) Sea stars ___ around their prey, attach their tube feet to the ___, then ___

Answer 52

Wrap, valves, pull

Question 53

(Asteroidea) ___ stomachs

Answer 53

2

Question 54

(Asteroidea) One stomach can ___ through the mouth and secret ___ onto the prey prior to ___

Answer 54

protrude, digestive enzymes, ingestion

Question 55

Acanthaster planci

Answer 55

crown-of-thorns starfish

Question 56

(Acanthaster planci) Feed on ___

Answer 56

coral polyps

Question 57

(Acanthaster planci) Large herds can destroy significant portions of ___

Answer 57

coral reefs

Question 58

(Acanthaster planci) Spines are covered in ___, cause ___

Answer 58

plancitoxins, liver damage

Question 59

(Acanthaster planci) ___ allows these starfish to proliferate

Answer 59

Human activity

Question 60

(Acanthaster planci) ___ increase planktonic food for larvae

Answer 60

Nutrient rich runoff

Question 61

(Acanthaster planci) ___ eliminates potential predators

Answer 61

Overfishing

Question 62

Ophiuroidea

Answer 62

brittle stars

Question 63

(Ophiuroidea) Largest group of ___

Answer 63

echinoderms

Question 64

(Ophiuroidea) Similar to sea stars but with ___, ___, and ___ arms

Answer 64

long, thin, flexible

Question 65

(Ophiuroidea) Only have ___ arms, but the arms may be ___ in some species

Answer 65

5, branched

Question 66

(Ophiuroidea) Tube feet lack ___

Answer 66

suckers

Question 67

(Ophiuroidea) ___ isn't used for movement

Answer 67

Water vascular system

Question 68

(Ophiuroidea) Brittle stars move by ___ the arms or ___ around objects and pulling

Answer 68

lashing out, wrapping them

Question 69

(Ophiuroidea) No ___

Answer 69

anus

Question 70

(Ophiuroidea) Mostly ___ feeders

Answer 70

suspension

Question 71

Echinoidea

Answer 71

Sea urchins and sand dollars

Question 72

(Echionoidea) Lack ___

Answer 72

arms

Question 73

(Echinoidea) ___ or ___ with 5 rows of ___ along the bottom

Answer 73

Flat, hemispherical, tube feet

Question 74

(Echinoidea) ___ surface (surface with ___), expanded to the ___ side close to the anus

Answer 74

Oral, tube feet, aboral

Question 75

Holothuroidea

Answer 75

Sea cucumbers

Question 76

(Holothuroidea) Elongate with ___ rows of tube feet along the bottom for movement

Answer 76

5

Question 77

(Holothuroidea) ___ are reduced

Answer 77

Ossicles

Question 78

(Holothuroidea) ___ bodied

Answer 78

Soft

Question 79

(Holothuroidea) ___ around the mouth modified into ___ for feeding

Answer 79

Tube feet, tentacles

Question 80

(Holothuroidea) Only echinoderms with ___

Answer 80

bilateral symmetry

Question 81

(Holothuroidea) Sea cucumbers can eject parts of their ___ as a ___

Answer 81

viscera, defense mechanism

Question 82

(Holothuroidea) Lost organs can be ___

Answer 82

regenerated

Question 83

Crinoidea

Answer 83

sea lillies and feather stars

Question 84

(Crinoidea) ___ feeders

Answer 84

Stalked suspension

Question 85

(Crinoidea) ___ are branched and lined with tube feet

Answer 85

Arms

Question 86

(Crinoidea) ___ are sessile; ___ can move

Answer 86

Sea lilies, feather stars

Question 87

(Hemichordata) Formerly considered a subphylum of ___, due to ___ and a ___

Answer 87

Chordata, gill slits, rudimentary notochord

Question 88

(Hemichordata) Gill slits are now considered a ___ character

Answer 88

basal deuterostome

Question 89

(Hemichordata) Hemichordate "notochord" is not homologous to ___

Answer 89

chordate notochord

Question 90

(Hemichordata) ___ seafloor dwellers

Answer 90

Wormlike

Question 91

(Hemichordata) Mostly ___

Answer 91

Sedentary

Question 92

(Hemichordata) ___ but difficult to sample

Answer 92

Cosmopolitan

Question 93

(Hemichordata) Coelom

Answer 93

Coelomate

Question 94

(Hemichordata) body has 3 parts

Answer 94

Proboscis, collar, trunk

Question 95

(Hemichordata) Proboscis is the ___ part of the animal

Answer 95

Active

Question 96

(Hemichordata) Proboscis is a ___ structure covered in ___ and ___ for collecting ___

Answer 96

Tonguelike, mucus, cilia, food particles

Question 97

(Heimchordata) Proboscis is used to ___ in some species

Answer 97

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