ECH Final Review Flashcards
Cepahlo- Caudal
Head to toe development
Object Permanence
ability to understand an object is still there even when not in sight
Expressive Language Example
Emery asked for another cracker
Powerful urge to belong to a peer group (matching)
older school agers
concrete operational (matching)
older school agers
call each other names and say hurtful things (matching)
preschoolers
ask a lot of questions (matching)
preschoolers
adult centered definition of behavior
when the behavior affects the teacher or parent
Kohlberg
Moral stages of development
Mr. Jacoby
Inappropriate expectations
Shemeka and Writing Centers
frustration
How to react when a child is being annoying or embarrassing
A- redirect, B- ignore & C- focus attention elsewhere
Best way to handle situations with young children
redirect them
we change the ____________ rather than the ________
environment; child
Recognizing and encouraging children is different than praising them, how?
Recognition is very specific in nature
What are the two most effective tools in communication skills?
practicing and modeling
active listening includes all EXCEPT
observing others as child is speaking to you
Gazda and others define 3 needs fro communication, which is NOT one
power over the situation
Dreikurs and Castle list 3 goals about a child’s mistaken logic, which is NOT one
to be liked
Bibliotherapy
the process of using books to help children think about and understand social/emotional concerns
At age 3 we see in increase in _______ aggression and a decrease in _______________ aggression
verbal; physical
When is it important for a child to say “I’m sorry”
When it is the child’s idea
Consequences occurs without adult intervention (matching)
natural
consequence is directly related to infraction (matching)
logical
consequence had not connection to the infraction
illogical
Setting on wall during outdoor play for not following rules (matching)
logical
moving from green to yellow for talking while the teacher is talking (matching)
illogical
sitting in a chair next to rug when misbehaving at group time (matching)
logical
during a highly structured process of behavior modification, adults typically do what?
A-rewards….& B punishes…
Nonverbal communication includes all of the following EXCEPT
using simple direct words
Feeling valued and self-sufficient (matching)
self-esteem
Having food, water and shelter (matching)
freedom form discomfort
b/c children in generational poverty have different rules than school it _____ ______ okay to excuse them to the same expectations
IS NOT
The greatest gift we can give children in generational poverty is
give them 2 sets of rules
Denton said saying “I like” to a child means (to them)
we are trying to manipulate him or others
which is NOT a guideline in power of our words
know when to be cautious
mean what you say (matching)
be direct
leave out warnings (matching)
keep it brief
describe behavior not character or attitude (matching)
keep it action oriented
children engage in highly charged activities were too _________ to remember rules and think reasonably
emotional
effective redirecting language focuses on
what to do instead of what NOT to do
Denton: 2 things essential to effective redirecting
be specific, be direct
“stop that now, what are you thinking?”
inappropriate
“clean up your center”
appropriate
“shh” is an effective way to quiet children
NO
Best strategy for handling problems in a group
A - clearly and concisely state what you want
Most productive when redirecting
specifically tell children what they need to do
short term goal (matching)
help children learn how to follow basic common rules to all living in a democracy
long term goal (matching)
master self control
Behavior must not infringe on the rights of others
be kind
behavior must not present clear risk or harm
be safe
NAEYC
National Association for the Education of Young Children
Children have the right
NOT to be hurt
children have the right to avoid
unnecessary discomfort
Behaviorists say all behavior can be explained by
extrinsic learning
Ultimate goal of child guidance
stimulate internal control based on responsibility and respect for others
positive child guidance is fostered by
responding to needs showing affection and ensuring value
Early Childhood professionals stop behavior if it
presents harm, infringes on others rights or damages environment
Erikson
psycho-social stages of development
classical conditioning example
“bum bum da bum bum” “bum bum”
Fails to establish routine (matching)
permissive parenting
Rigid and controlling (matching)
authoritarian
bullying (matching)
controlling behavior
fits of anger (matching)
disruptive behavior
Jamal and Tameka fight
opinion
______ observation allows us to look beyond action and understand troublesome behavior
objective
Ongoing observation results in
A - concrete plans B- curriculum changes & C- environmental changes
at designated intervals a specific behavior is noted (matching)
time sampling
details of a specific behavior are recorded (matching)
anecdotal
this strategy determines the exact number of times a behavior occurs (matching)
event sampling
child sized furniture (matching)
montessori
cognitive stages (matching)
piaget
psycho-social stages (matching)
erikson
Zone of proximal development (matching)
Vygotsky
NCTM
national council for teachers of mathematics
Which is not a principle for best practice in teaching mathematics
learning occurs when a child actively solves a problem
infants and toddlers (matching)
environment
1st-3rd grade (matching)
education
Constructivists Teaching
wrong answers are just as/more important than right
object permanence develops in this stage(matching)
sensorimotor
stage of kids aged 2-6 y/o (matching)
pre-operational
stage with intuitive thinkers (matching)
pre-operational
Stage with conserving numbers (matching)
concrete operational
socially infants and toddlers are attached to
parents and caregivers
children in the 1st 2 years of life grow
faster than any other period of development
characteristics of sensorimotor stage
A - achieve goal & C- develop schema
knowledge of object (matching)
physical
knowledge acquired through interaction with others (matching)
social
a child using a cylinder as a bottle to feed a doll
representational thought
mathematical skill developed first
concept of “more”
paper and pencil test (matching)
formal assessment
occurs throughout day (matching)
informal assessment
based on what individual children know (matching)
authentic assessment
compare children to each other(matching)
standardized assessment
ability to think in two directions at once
reversibility of thought
battle between intuitive and logical thought
conservation
focusing on ONE aspect of situation
centration
meaningful counting
numerical concept behind counting
serration (matching)
process of putting in size order
classification (matching)
group by characteristics
