ECH Final Review Flashcards by danielle thompson

Cepahlo- Caudal

Head to toe development

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Object Permanence

ability to understand an object is still there even when not in sight

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Expressive Language Example

Emery asked for another cracker

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Powerful urge to belong to a peer group (matching)

older school agers

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concrete operational (matching)

older school agers

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call each other names and say hurtful things (matching)

preschoolers

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ask a lot of questions (matching)

preschoolers

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adult centered definition of behavior

when the behavior affects the teacher or parent

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Kohlberg

Moral stages of development

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Mr. Jacoby

Inappropriate expectations

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Shemeka and Writing Centers

frustration

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How to react when a child is being annoying or embarrassing

A- redirect, B- ignore & C- focus attention elsewhere

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Best way to handle situations with young children

redirect them

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we change the ____________ rather than the ________

environment; child

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Recognizing and encouraging children is different than praising them, how?

Recognition is very specific in nature

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What are the two most effective tools in communication skills?

practicing and modeling

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active listening includes all EXCEPT

observing others as child is speaking to you

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Gazda and others define 3 needs fro communication, which is NOT one

power over the situation

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Dreikurs and Castle list 3 goals about a child’s mistaken logic, which is NOT one

to be liked

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Bibliotherapy

the process of using books to help children think about and understand social/emotional concerns

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At age 3 we see in increase in _______ aggression and a decrease in _______________ aggression

verbal; physical

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When is it important for a child to say “I’m sorry”

When it is the child’s idea

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Consequences occurs without adult intervention (matching)

natural

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consequence is directly related to infraction (matching)

logical

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consequence had not connection to the infraction

illogical

Setting on wall during outdoor play for not following rules (matching)

logical

moving from green to yellow for talking while the teacher is talking (matching)

illogical

sitting in a chair next to rug when misbehaving at group time (matching)

logical

during a highly structured process of behavior modification, adults typically do what?

A-rewards....& B punishes...

Nonverbal communication includes all of the following EXCEPT

using simple direct words

Feeling valued and self-sufficient (matching)

self-esteem

Having food, water and shelter (matching)

freedom form discomfort

b/c children in generational poverty have different rules than school it _____ ______ okay to excuse them to the same expectations

IS NOT

The greatest gift we can give children in generational poverty is

give them 2 sets of rules

Denton said saying "I like" to a child means (to them)

we are trying to manipulate him or others

which is NOT a guideline in power of our words

know when to be cautious

mean what you say (matching)

be direct

leave out warnings (matching)

keep it brief

describe behavior not character or attitude (matching)

keep it action oriented

children engage in highly charged activities were too _________ to remember rules and think reasonably

emotional

effective redirecting language focuses on

what to do instead of what NOT to do

Denton: 2 things essential to effective redirecting

be specific, be direct

"stop that now, what are you thinking?"

inappropriate

"clean up your center"

appropriate

"shh" is an effective way to quiet children

Best strategy for handling problems in a group

A - clearly and concisely state what you want

Most productive when redirecting

specifically tell children what they need to do

short term goal (matching)

help children learn how to follow basic common rules to all living in a democracy

long term goal (matching)

master self control

Behavior must not infringe on the rights of others

be kind

behavior must not present clear risk or harm

be safe

NAEYC

National Association for the Education of Young Children

Children have the right

NOT to be hurt

children have the right to avoid

unnecessary discomfort

Behaviorists say all behavior can be explained by

extrinsic learning

Ultimate goal of child guidance

stimulate internal control based on responsibility and respect for others

positive child guidance is fostered by

responding to needs showing affection and ensuring value

Early Childhood professionals stop behavior if it

presents harm, infringes on others rights or damages environment

Erikson

psycho-social stages of development

classical conditioning example

"bum bum da bum bum" "bum bum"

Fails to establish routine (matching)

permissive parenting

Rigid and controlling (matching)

authoritarian

bullying (matching)

controlling behavior

fits of anger (matching)

disruptive behavior

Jamal and Tameka fight

opinion

______ observation allows us to look beyond action and understand troublesome behavior

objective

Ongoing observation results in

A - concrete plans B- curriculum changes & C- environmental changes

at designated intervals a specific behavior is noted (matching)

time sampling

details of a specific behavior are recorded (matching)

anecdotal

this strategy determines the exact number of times a behavior occurs (matching)

event sampling

child sized furniture (matching)

montessori

cognitive stages (matching)

piaget

psycho-social stages (matching)

erikson

Zone of proximal development (matching)

Vygotsky

NCTM

national council for teachers of mathematics

Which is not a principle for best practice in teaching mathematics

learning occurs when a child actively solves a problem

infants and toddlers (matching)

environment

1st-3rd grade (matching)

education

Constructivists Teaching

wrong answers are just as/more important than right

object permanence develops in this stage(matching)

sensorimotor

stage of kids aged 2-6 y/o (matching)

pre-operational

stage with intuitive thinkers (matching)

pre-operational

Stage with conserving numbers (matching)

concrete operational

socially infants and toddlers are attached to

parents and caregivers

children in the 1st 2 years of life grow

faster than any other period of development

characteristics of sensorimotor stage

A - achieve goal & C- develop schema

knowledge of object (matching)

physical

knowledge acquired through interaction with others (matching)

social

a child using a cylinder as a bottle to feed a doll

representational thought

mathematical skill developed first

concept of "more"

paper and pencil test (matching)

formal assessment

occurs throughout day (matching)

informal assessment

based on what individual children know (matching)

authentic assessment

compare children to each other(matching)

standardized assessment

ability to think in two directions at once

reversibility of thought

battle between intuitive and logical thought

conservation

focusing on ONE aspect of situation

centration

meaningful counting

numerical concept behind counting

serration (matching)

process of putting in size order

classification (matching)

group by characteristics