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C. Year 3 Cardiology Random NOT on MLA map > ECGs - Axis Calculation > Flashcards

ECGs - Axis Calculation Flashcards

1
Q

Since the left ventricle makes up most of the heart muscle under normal circumstances, normal cardiac axis is directed downward and slightly to the left. So what is normal axis?

1 - -90 - +180
2 - -30° and +90°.
3 - >+90
4 - <-30

A

2 - -30° and +90°.

  • -90 - +180 = extreme axis deviation
  • > +90 = right axis deviation
  • <-30 = left axis deviation
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2
Q

If an ECG is positive, what does that indicate?

1 - axis points roughly in same direction as the lead
2 - axis points roughly in opposite direction as the lead
3 - axis is s at 90° to this lead

A

1 - axis points roughly in same direction as the lead

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3
Q

If an ECG is negative, what does that indicate?

1 - axis points roughly in same direction as the lead
2 - axis points roughly in opposite direction as the lead
3 - axis is s at 90° to this lead

A

2 - axis points roughly in opposite direction as the lead

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4
Q

If an ECG is negative, what does that indicate?

1 - axis points roughly in same direction as the lead
2 - axis points roughly in opposite direction as the lead
3 - axis is s at 90° to this lead

A

3 - axis is s at 90° to this lead

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5
Q

When looking at an ECG we need to identify if it is Positive, Isoelectric (Equiphasic) or Negative, which relates to if the electrical current is moving towards or away the lead. Using the quadrant method (which used leads I and aVF, where would the axis in the following image be between?

1 - 0 to -90°
2 - -90 to 180°
3 - +90 to 180°
4 - 0 to +90°

A

4 - 0 to +90°

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6
Q

When looking at an ECG we need to identify if it is Positive, Isoelectric (Equiphasic) or Negative, which relates to if the electrical current is moving towards or away the lead. Using the quadrant method (which uses leads I and aVF, where would the axis in the following image be between?

1 - 0 to -90°
2 - -90 to 180°
3 - +90 to 180°
4 - 0 to +90°

A

1 - 0 to -90°

  • possible left axis deviation (LAD)
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7
Q

When looking at an ECG we need to identify if it is Positive, Isoelectric (Equiphasic) or Negative, which relates to if the electrical current is moving towards or away the lead. Using the quadrant method (which used leads I and aVF, where would the axis in the following image be between?

1 - 0 to -90°
2 - -90 to 180°
3 - +90 to 180°
4 - 0 to +90°

A

3 - +90 to 180°

  • possible right axis deviation (LAD)
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8
Q

When looking at an ECG we need to identify if it is Positive, Isoelectric (Equiphasic) or Negative, which relates to if the electrical current is moving towards or away the lead. Using the quadrant method (which used leads I and aVF, where would the axis in the following image be between?

1 - 0 to -90°
2 - -90 to 180°
3 - +90 to 180°
4 - 0 to +90°

A

2 - -90 to 180°

  • potential extreme axis deviation
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9
Q

When looking at an ECG we need to identify if it is Positive, Isoelectric (Equiphasic) or Negative, which relates to if the electrical current is moving towards or away the lead. Using the 3 lead method (which uses leads I, II and aVF, where would the axis in the following image be between?

1 - 0 to -90°
2 - -90 to 180°
3 - +90 to 180°
4 - 0 to +90°

A

4 - 0 to +90°

  • suggest normal axis
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10
Q

When looking at an ECG we need to identify if it is Positive, Isoelectric (Equiphasic) or Negative, which relates to if the electrical current is moving towards or away the lead. Using the 3 lead method (which uses leads I, II and aVF, where would the axis in the following image be between?

1 - -30 to -90°
2 - -90 to 180°
3 - +90 to 180°
4 - 0 to +90°

A

1 - -30 to -90°

  • suggest pathological LAD
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11
Q

When looking at an ECG we need to identify if it is Positive, Isoelectric (Equiphasic) or Negative, which relates to if the electrical current is moving towards or away the lead. Using the 3 lead method (which uses leads I, II and aVF, where would the axis in the following image be between?

1 - -30 to -90°
2 - -90 to 180°
3 - +90 to 150°
4 - 0 to +90°

A

3 - +90 to 150°

  • possible RAD
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12
Q

When looking at an ECG we need to identify if it is Positive, Isoelectric (Equiphasic) or Negative, which relates to if the electrical current is moving towards or away the lead. Using the 3 lead method (which uses leads I, II and aVF, where would the axis in the following image be between?

1 - -30 to -90°
2 - -90 to 180°
3 - +90 to 150°
4 - 0 to +90°

A

2 - -90 to 180°

  • extreme LAD
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13
Q

In the isoelectric lead method. Firstly we need to find the isoelectric lead from aVL, aVR, aVF, I, II and III (net zero amplitude and then look for the lead with the tallest R waves (or largest R/S ratios). Step 3 involves identifying the QRS axis, which will be at 90° to the isoelectric lead, pointing in the direction of the positive leads. Using the isoelectric lead method, what is the QRS axis?

1 - 0°
2 - +60°
3 - +90°
4 - +120°

A

2 - +60°

  • step 1 = lead aVL is isoelectric
  • step 2 = leads I, II and III are positive so QRX axis must be between 0 and +120°
  • step 3 = lead II is 90° to lead aVL

-

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14
Q

In the isoelectric lead method. Firstly we need to find the isoelectric lead from aVL, aVR, aVF, I, II and III (net zero amplitude and then look for the lead with the tallest R waves (or largest R/S ratios). Step 3 involves identifying the QRS axis, which will be at 90° to the isoelectric lead, pointing in the direction of the positive leads. Using the isoelectric lead method, what is the QRS axis?

1 - 0°
2 - -90°
3 - +90°
4 - +150°

A

4 - +150°

  • step 1 = lead II is isoelectric
  • step 2 = leads aVF, III and aVR = positive leads, so must be between 90 and -150
  • step 3 = 90 to lead II is +150
  • right axis deviation secondary to right ventricular hypertrophy.
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15
Q

In the isoelectric lead method. Firstly we need to find the isoelectric lead from aVL, aVR, aVF, I, II and III (net zero amplitude and then look for the lead with the tallest R waves (or largest R/S ratios). Step 3 involves identifying the QRS axis, which will be at 90° to the isoelectric lead, pointing in the direction of the positive leads. Using the isoelectric lead method, what is the QRS axis?

1 - 0°
2 - +90°
3 - -30°
4 - +150°

A

3 - -30°

  • left axis deviation due to inferior MI.
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16
Q

In the isoelectric lead method. Firstly we need to find the isoelectric lead from aVL, aVR, aVF, I, II and III (net zero amplitude and then look for the lead with the tallest R waves (or largest R/S ratios). Step 3 involves identifying the QRS axis, which will be at 90° to the isoelectric lead, pointing in the direction of the positive leads. Using the isoelectric lead method, what is the QRS axis?

1 - 0°
2 - +90°
3 - -30°
4 - -120°

A

4 - -120°

  • extreme axis deviation due to ventricular tachycardia.

C. Year 3 Cardiology Random NOT on MLA map (5 decks)

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