ECGquiz1-3 Flashcards
What does the P-wave represent in relationship to atria or ventricles?
Atrial Depolarization
What does the qrs interval represent?
Ventricular Depolarization
What does T wave represent?
Ventricular repolarization
When does atrial systole occur?
Between end of P wave and before beginning of q-wave
When does Ventricular systole occur?
After QRS interval & before T wave
What does P-R interval represent?
Atrial Depolarization & impulse delay in AV node
What does Q-T interval represent?
Time from initial depolarization of ventricles to end of vent repolarization
Name 2 mechanisms of pacemaker activity:
Escape Mechanism
Irritability Mechanism
When any clump of calls can become irritable & become a pacemaker & take control from the SA node this is known as ________ mechanism.
Irritability
When the dominant pacemaker fails & next one in line takes over & paces at its inherent rate this is known as the _______ mechanism.
Escape
What is the inherent rate of Purkinje Fibers or Ventricle
20-40
What is inherent rate of SA Node?
60-100
What is inherent rate of AV Node?
40-60
During Polarization or ready state where is K located and where is Na?
K is inside cell
Na is outside cell
The discharge state in which K & Na are changing places is known as?
Depolarization
When K is outside & Na is inside this is ________.
Repolarization
What are the three stages the cell goes through from its ready to recovery state?
Polarization (ready)
Depolarization (Discharge state)
Repolarization (Recovery State)
What are the 3 common viewpoints of ECG?
Lead 1
Lead 2
Lead 3
Name the 3 wires included in leads?
Positive
Negative
Ground
When you have an inverted t wave this may indicate what condition?
Myocardial ischemia
What is normal paper speed on ECG?
25 mm/sec
A tic mark represents what time?
Every 3 seconds
1 small box = _______ mm; _______ second
1mm
0.04 sec
_____ small boxes = 1 large box
5 small boxes
1 large box = _______ seconds; ______ mm
0.2
5 mm
What is the most common lead?
Which electrode has most effect on viewpoint
Lead 2 most common
Positive electrode most effect on viewpoint
How many boxes = 6 seconds?
30 large boxes = 6 seconds
15 large boxes = ______ seconds
3 seconds
What is normal size of p-wave _______ mm in amplitude
.5 - 2.5
What is duration of P-R interval?
0.12 - 0.20 sec
What is duration of QRS Interval?
0.11 sec or less
Name the 3 lead Categories?
Limb Leads
Augmented leads
Precordial Leads
Electrodes are arranged in Patterns called ______.
Leads
The natural direction the electrical activity travels which is from base to apex is called ________.
Vector
The P-wave seen occurs due to ________ ________.
Atrial Depolarization
The QRS complex seen on ECG occurs due to ________ __________.
Ventricular Depolarization
The S-T segment & T Wave seen occurs due to _______ _________.
Ventricular Repolarization
How many beats per minute is normal for an infant?
100-160
What is normal BPM for a toddler?
90-150
What is normal BPM for a preschooler or 4-5 yr old
80-140
A child who is 6-12 yrs old has normal PBM of
70-120
What is normal BPM for teens & adults
60-100
At what segment would you expect to see the delay in conduction through AV Junction & spread of electrical impulse through bundle of HIS, rt & left bundle branches & purkinje fibers?
P-R Segment
What types of cells are known as the conducting system?
A. Electrical Cells
B. Mechanical Cells
A Electrical Cells
What causes an electrical impulse?
A. Result of the cells changing chemically
B. Sodium-K pump at cellular level changing electrical balance of the cell
C. Automaticity- ability to repeat impulse without a an external signal
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
During the Resting or polarized state you would expect to see outside the cell as ________ charges and inside the cell with _____ charges.
Outside = positive charges
Inside negative charges
Depolarization changes as outside becomes _______ and inside is _____ charged.
Mostly negative outside
Mostly positive inside
The recovery state is called _______.
repolarization
The heart is influenced by the _________ _________ system.
Autonomic nervous system
________ and _________ creates a balance by increasing rate & decreasing rate via affecting irritability.
Sympathetic & parasympathetic
To determine HR= QRS complex in ___seconds x 10
6 seconds
The P-R segment is: After ___ wave & before ____ wave
After p wave & before q wave
The S-T segment is: After _____ wave & before _____ wave
S wave & before T wave
The depolarization of right and left atria is _____ wave.
P -wave
What is the duration of normal p wave:
0.11 seconds or less
The ______ segement allows time for atria to empty into ventricles before ventricular contraction begins and is normally flat or islectric
P-R Segment
The time it takes to depolarize the atria and for the electrical impulse to reach the purkinje fibers is called _______ ______.
P-R Interval
When the P wave is added to the PR segment it is called _______ ________,
P-R Interval
The P-R interval normally lasts ______ to _________ seconds.
0.12 to 0.20 seconds
THe _______ _________ represents ventricular depolarization.
QRS complex
What is normal duration of QRS complex?
0.06 to .10 seconds
What might cause a long QRS complex?
impulse originates from ectopic pacemaker like ventricular myocardium or partial or incomplete bundle branch block
If your SA node fires irregulary this causes a ______ ________.
Sinus arrhythmia
Which wave indicates ventricular repolarization?
T wave
Name 5 stages of cardiac cycle
Atrial systole Isovolumetric ventricular contraction Ejection Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation Passive Ventricular Filling
Amount of blood pumped into aorta each minute by the heart is ______ _______.
Venous return
Amount of blood ejected from a ventricle with each heartbeat is?
stroke volume
Amount of blood pumped into aorta each minute is?
Cardiac output
WHen the inside of cell is ore negative then outside of cell than it is in _______ state?
Polarized State
The movement of charged particles across cell membrane causing inside of cell to become more positive then outside this is _______ state
Depolarized State
This type of limb lead makes a single limbe positive and all other limbs negative?
Augmented Limb lead
Provides vertical & horizontal views and improves diagnosis accuracy. This type of limb lead is called?
Precordial
In this type of limb lead a weak electrical signal must be amplified
Augmented Limb lead
If you see a Peak T-wave this may mean what condition?
Hyperkalemia
A method of finding heart rate with small boxes is called rule of _____. Each 1 mm block -.04 seconds; Count # of small boxes between r-r interval & divide into 1500. Use the P-P interval for atrial.
1500
In the Rule of ______. The # of QRS complexes in 6 seconds X 10
Rule of 10
You use _____ interval & _______ interval to determine rate & rhythmicity
R-R interval & P-P interval
If you see a peaked or tall & pointed p wave or wide & notched what are some conditions it might mean?
COPD, Heart Failure, Valvular Disease
If your p wave is inverted this might mean what?
The p wave began at a site other than SA node
An abnormal S-T segment may mean?
Myocardial infarction
Medications such as morphine & digitalis may cause what?
Non Resp sinus arrhythmia
What can be used to treat Sinus Arrythmias?
IV atropine
What is used to treat sinus tachycardia?
Beta Blockers
What is used to treat sinus bradycardia?
O2, Atropine, IV access, TCP
CHF, Sympathetic stimulation, Caffeine, shock, or coronary artery disease can cause _______ ______.
Sinus Tachycardia
In sinus bradycardia what happens to your Q-T interval?
Becomes longer
The Q-t interval becomes _______ during sinus tachycardia.
Shorter
Increased ICP, Hypoxia, Hypothermia, Inferior or posterior MI or disease of SA node cause?
Sinus Bradycardia
Certain medications such as ______, _______, or ______ can cause sinus tachycardia.
Epinephrine, atropine, dopamine, dobutamine
Medications that can cause Sinus bradycardia include?
Calcium Channel blockers Digitalis Beta Blockers Anodarone Sotalol
What is formula for CO?
SV X HR = CO
This is a vagolytic drug which blocks chemicals at end of vagus nerve causing rate of SA node to increase firing.
Atropine
Atropine has no effect on? A. Speed of conduction B. FOrce of contraction C. Rate of SA node firing D. All of the above
Force of contraction
T or F: Electrical activity can occur without mechanical contraction.
True
A sign of abnormal electrical activity is?
Dysrhythmia or arrhythmia
Name 2 things that can affect sinus mechanisms.
Disease or conditions
Medications
What are causes of vagal stimulation?
Coughing, vomiting, straining, Carotid sinus pressure, Sudden exposure to cold water
Absolute refractory occurs during?
QRS to peak of t wave
Relative refractory occurs at?
Peak of T wave to base of T wave
