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Cardio > ECG Review > Flashcards

ECG Review Flashcards

1
Q

determining HR

A
  • 300 / # big boxes

- 300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50

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2
Q

determining limb lead axis

A
  • lead I and aVF + = normal (0 to +90)
  • lead I and II + = normal (-30 to +90)
  • find isoelectric lead; axis = 90˚ of that lead
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3
Q

precordial lead axis

A
  • QRS predominantly negative in V1 and positive in V6

- isoelectric transition point around V3 or V4

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4
Q

normal intervals:

  • PR interval
  • QRS interval
  • QT interval
  • Q wave
A
  • 3-5 small boxes
  • ≤ 2 small boxes
  • 2 large boxes, less than half of RR interval
  • 1 small box wide or deep (except aVR)
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5
Q

sinus tachycardia

A
  • positive p wave before QRS (I, II, aVF) [normal]

- HR > 100

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6
Q

sinus bradycardia

A
  • positive p wave before QRS (I, II, aVF) [normal]

- HR < 60

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7
Q

atrial fibrillation

A
  • no positive p wave before QRS
  • irregularly irregular narrow QRS intervals
  • lumpy bumpy baseline
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8
Q

atrial flutter

A
  • no positive p wave before QRS
  • sawtooth pattern
  • narrow but regular QRS
  • 2:1 block -> HR~140
  • 4:1 block -> HR~70
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9
Q

supraventricular tachycardia

A
  • no positive p wave before QRS

- regular narrow QRS

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10
Q

SVT due to AVNRT

A
  • baseline ECG in sinus rhythm shows narrow QRS and normal PR
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11
Q

SVT due to AVRT

A
  • baseline ECG in sinus rhythm has delta wave and short PR
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12
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A
  • no positive p wave before QRS

- wide QRS tachycardia

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13
Q

monomorphic VT

A
  • QRS complex same shape

- reentry arrhythmia from area of ventricle

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14
Q

polymorphic VT

A
  • multiple QRS shapes
  • acute ischemia, meds prolonging QT
  • Torsades de Pointes
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15
Q

atrial fibrillation treatment

A
  • structurally normal heart: type IC a-a
  • structurally abnormal: type III a-a
  • ablation procedure (pulmonary vein)
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16
Q

atrial flutter treatment

A
  • very responsive to ablation (cavo-tricuspid isthmus)
17
Q

AVNRT treatment

A
  • adenosine slows AV node conduction
  • AV node blockers
  • slow pathway ablation
18
Q

AVRT (WPW) treatment

A
  • bypass tract ablation

- *AVOID AV node blockers

19
Q

LBBB

A
  • wide QRS at sinus rhythm, p wave present

- V1 goes down

20
Q

RBBB

A
  • wide QRS at sinus rhythm, p wave present

- V1 goes up, rabbit ears

21
Q

1˚ AV block

A
  • p wave always followed by QRS
  • PR interval > 5 small squares
  • delay usually at AV node
22
Q

2˚ AV block type I/Mobitz I/Wenckebach

A
  • lengthening PR intervals before blocked P wave
  • PR interval following blocked wave is shorter than PR interval before
  • block high in AV node
23
Q

2˚ AV block type II/Mobitz II

A
  • fixed prolonged PR intervals before/after blocked P wave
  • block on his-purkinje system
  • can progress to AV block
24
Q

3˚ AV block

A
  • all P waves blocked
  • P wave rate different than QRS rate (distance variable)
  • QRS narrow = high block
  • QRS wide = low block
25
Q

NSTEMI

A
  • acute: ST depression and/or T wave inversion

- weeks later: normal ST and T; NO Q waves

26
Q

STEMI

A
  • acute: ST elevation
  • hours: ST elevation, decreased R wave, Q wave
  • 1-2 days: T wave inversion, deeper Q wave
  • more days: ST normal, T wave inversion
  • weeks: ST/T normal, Q wave persists
27
Q

anterior STEMI

A
  • ST elevation in leads I, aVL, V2, V3, V4
  • LAD artery
  • may sig reduce LV systolic function -> HF
28
Q

inferior STEMI

A
  • ST elevation in leads II, III, aVF
  • PDA (90% RCA)
  • GI symptoms common, nitro induced hypo, bradycardia from vagus
  • proximal RCA occlusion can cause RV infarction
29
Q

LVH

A
  • increased QRS amplitude in V1 + V5, aVL, or I

- caused by: AS, HTN, HCM

30
Q

low voltage

A
  • caused by anything that reduces electrical impulse conduction
  • amyloid
31
Q

types of bradycardia

A
  • sinus pauses (treatment > 3 sec)

- sinus bradycardia (HR < 60; pathologic and physiologic)

32
Q

bigeminy

A
  • alternating normal and premature beat
33
Q

premature atrial contraction

A
  • supraventricular
  • preceded by p wave
  • narrow QRS
  • may not conduct to ventricle
  • resets SA node
34
Q

premature ventricular contraction

A
  • ventricular
  • no p wave
  • wide QRS
  • may not conduct to atrium
  • no effect on SA node

Cardio (4 decks)

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