ECG readings Flashcards
HR for sinus rhythm
60-100 bpm
what is the regularity for sinus rhythm?
regular
what is the PRI for sinus rhythm?
0.12 - 0.20
how many seconds is each box on an EKG strip?
0.04
how long is the QRS wave on a sinus rhythm?
less than or equal to 0.12 seconds
what is the QTI of a sinus rhythm?
less than 0.40 seconds
sinus rhythm
what are the nursing actions for sinus rhythm?
none
what is the HR for sinus brady?
< 60 bpm
every other data besides HR for sinus rhythm is the same for sinus brady & sinus tachy
true
what are the nursing actions for sinus brady?
- assess BP, for syncope and SOB
- prevent falls
- administer Atropine
sinus brady
what is the HR for sinus tachy?
100 -150 bpm
nursing actions for sinus tachy
- check BP, for syncope and SOB
- prevent falls
- possibly administer B-blockers & Ca+ channel blockers
sinus tachy
what is the PRI of A-fib?
none
what is the rate & regularity of A-fib?
none; it has irregular rhythm
what is it called when an A-fib has more than 100bpm?
rapid ventricular response
what causes A-fib?
- MI
- rheumatic heart disease
- COPD
- CHF
- ischemia
- CAD
what does the nurse need to check for a patient with A-fib?
INR
how does a patient with A-fib present?
- CP
- hypoxia
- hypotension
- SOB
- decreased cardiac output
what is the QTI of A-fib?
less than 0.40 seconds
how long is the QRS wave of A-fib?
less than 0.12 seconds
what causes atria to quiver and lead to A-fib?
chaotic ectopic current activity
what are possible treatments for A-fib?
- cardiovert
- B-blockers
- Ca+ channel blockers
- Digoxin
- possibly anticoagulant (hemostasis)
A-fib
what is the HR of atrial flutter?
250 - 350 bpm
P waves are absent in atrial flutter
true
how long is the QRS complex in atrial flutter?
less than or equal to 0.12 seconds
what are the causes for atrial flutter?
- RHF
- pericarditis
- valve disorder
- hyperthyroidism
atrial flutter
what is the HR for V-tach?
100 - 250 bpm
how long is the QRS complex and what is its characteristic?
greater than 0.12 seconds
bizarre
what is the rhythm for V-tach?
regular
how is V-tach defined?
3 or more consecutive PVCs occur at a rate of 100 bpm
what causes V-tach?
- hypoxia
- ischemia
- acidosis
- mitral valve prolapse
- increased ICP
- acute myocardial infarcation (AMI)
what are the nursing actions for V-tach?
- check for pulse (PRIORITY)
- check BP
potential treatments for stable V-tach
- oxygen
- 12-lead EKG
- possible Lidocaine / Amiodarone
- check K+ & Mg
- prepare for cardioversion (may turn unstable)
potential treatments for unstable V-tach
- cardioversion
- administer Amiodarone bolus + infusion
what are the nursing actions for pulseless V-tach?
- defib + CPR
- activate code (ACLS certified)
V-tach
what is V-fib?
irritable ventricles send out rapid electrical stimuli
how do ventricles act during V-fib?
they do not contract because they never depolarize
how does the patient with V-fib present?
- pulseless
- no BP
- no cardiac output
what causes V-fib?
- CAD
- AMI
- hypoxia
- acidosis
- cardiac catheterization
- cardioversion
- accidental electrocution
- extreme hypothermia
nursing priorities for V-fib
- check ABC
- begin CPR
- defib
how does the patient with V-fib present?
- apneic
- pulseless
- unresponsive
V-fib
what is the sequence for cardiac conduction?
- SA node
- AV node
- Bundle of His
- Purkinje fibers
which node generates impulses?
SA node
what are the causes of ST elevation?
- low oxygen from CAD
- elevated Potassium
- blocked coronary arteries
what are the treatments for STEMI?
- reperfusion
- angioplasty
- possible CABG
