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ECG > ECG quiz > Flashcards

ECG quiz Flashcards

1
Q

How do you determine the rate of an ECG?

A

300/no. of large squares

Number of complexes on the rhythm strip x 6

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2
Q

What is the definition of a sinus rhythm?

A

Every P wave followed by a QRS

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3
Q

What are the changes in 1st degree AV block?

A

PR interval >0.20 sec (>1 large square)
Every P wave followed by a QRS
*age related degeneration of AV node/HIS bundle

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of mobitz type 1 AV block?

A

PR interval gets longer until a non-doncuted P wave occurs

*can be normal or drug toxicity, MI

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of mobitz type II AV block?

A

PR intervals are constant until a non-conducted P wave occurs. Must be 2 consecutive PR intervals
Not every P wave is followed by a QRS
*degeneration of AV node

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6
Q

in which type of AV block does the PR interval get longer until the P wave is no longer conducted?

A

2nd degree heart block -Moritz type 1 AV block

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7
Q

In which type of AV block does the PR interval remain constant until the P wave is no longer conducted?

A

2nd degree heart block Moritz type 2 AV block

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8
Q

Which carries a worse diagnosis - 2nd degree MObitz type I or type II AV block?

A

Type II AV block

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9
Q

What is the cardinal feature of complete (3rd degree) AV block?

A

P waves & QRS complexes but no association between the 2

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10
Q

Which bundle branch block is associated with MarroW (V1,V6)

A

RBBB:

1) broad QRS complexes >0.12
2) 2nd +ve deflection in QRS complex
3) shutting of the S wave laterally (V5,V6, I & aVL)
4) T wave inversion in septal leads (V1,V6)

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11
Q

Which bundle branch block is associated with WilliaM (V1,V6)

A

LBBB

1) broad QRS
2) W - V1, M - V6
3) No R waves in leads V1-V4
5) St elevation in anterior leads (V3,V4)

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12
Q

What are the features of atrial flutter?

A

SAW-TOOH baseline . May be regular or irregular. Ventricular rate can be slow, normal or fast

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13
Q

What are the features of Atrial fibrillation?

A

1) irregularly irregular QRS
2) chaotic baseline - no clear P waves
3) QS complex looks normal or same as when pt in sinus

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14
Q

If an ECG shows no Pwaves with an irregularly irregular broad complex tachycardia what is the diagnosis?

A

A. fib with LBBB

QRS morphology typical LBBB pattern

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15
Q

What is the diagnosis in a regular, narrow complex tachycardia?

A

Supreventrivcular tachycardia
QRS >100bpm
No clear P waves

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16
Q

What is the diagnosis if:

1) short PR interval
2) Delta wave, slurred onset QRS complexes
3) broad QRS

A

WPW

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17
Q

What is the diagnosis in a broad complex tachycardia with a regular rhythm?

A

Ventricular tachyarythmie

1) QRS>100bom
2) broad QRS
3) slurred onset R waves
4) signs of AV dissociation
5) QRS morphology constant

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18
Q

What is the difference between VT and V.fib on ECG?

A 
VT = regular
V.Fib = choatic in all leads. As VF continues QRS complexes get smaller until eventually ECG has appearance of systole
19
Q

what is the axis if I,II, avF are positive?

A

NORMAL

20
Q

What is a normal axis?

A

Positive I,II, avF

21
Q

What are the features of RAD?

A

Leads I and II are pointing towards each other
QRS is positive (dominant R wave) in leads III and aVF
QRS is negative (dominant S wave) in leads I and aVL

22
Q

What are the features of LAD?

A

Leads I and II are pointing away from each other
QRS is positive (dominant R wave) in leads I and aVL
QRS is negative (dominant S wave) in leads II and aVF

23
Q

In MI which way does the axis change?

A

LAD or RAD - electrical input away from the ischaemic part of the heart

24
Q

In PE what is the axis?

A

Right axis deviation - leads I & II pointing towards each other

25
Q

What are the typical changes in a PE?

A

S1Q3T3: prominent S wave I, Q wave & inverted T wave in lead III
Sinus tachycardia
RBBB
Right axis deviation - electrical activity towards problem

26
Q

In which leads should the P wave be positive?

A

I,II, V1, V6

27
Q

What happens to the P wave in RAH?

A

Tall/peaking P wave. P pulmonate

28
Q

What happens to the P wave in LAH?

A

Fat, bifidty. P mitrale

29
Q

In a inferior STEMI which lead will show ST elevation?

A

Leads II, III, avF

30
Q

In a lateral STEMI which leads will show ST elevation?

A

leads: V5, V6, I

31
Q

in a posterior STEMI which leads will show ST elevation?

A

V1-V3

32
Q

In an anterior MI which leads will show ST elevation?

A

V1-V4

33
Q

What are the features of an NSTEMI?

A

ST segment depression

34
Q

What is the diagnosis in saddle shaped ST elevation throughout the ECG?

A

Pericarditis

*also: T wave inversion, PR segment depression

35
Q

What changes can be seen in an ECG in hyperkalaemia?

A

Tall, tented T waves

36
Q

What is indicated by flattened T waves?

A

MI, hypokalaemia, ischaemia

37
Q

Which conditions show inverted T waves?

A

MI, Ischaemia,

38
Q

What is indicated by pathological Q waves?

A

Previous MI

Look for distribution

39
Q

what is a normal QT interval?

A

<2 large squares (<0.4ms)

40
Q

What is the difference between the QT interval and QTc interval?

A

The QTc interval is adjusted for rate

41
Q

What is the risk of a prolonged QT interval?

A

Ventricular tachycardia

42
Q

What causes a prolonged QT interval?

A

Congenital, Drugs

electrolytes: Hypokalaemia, hypocalcaemia, low magnesium

43
Q

What happens in hypercalcaemia?

A

Narrow QRS (<0.12)

ECG (1 decks)

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