ECG Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What is the regular axis of the QRS complex?

A

-30 -> +90 degrees

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2
Q

What is the J point on an ECG?

A

Transition point of QRS complex to ST segment

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3
Q

What do each of the main components of an ECG represent?

A

P Wave: Atrial Depolarisation
QRS Complex: Ventricular Depolarisation
T Wave: Ventricular Repolarisation

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4
Q

How long are each of the main ECG intervals meant to be?

A

PR: 120-200ms (Long shows heart block)
QT: 0.35-0.45s
(QRS Complex less than 110 ms)

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5
Q

Where would you place lead 1, 2 and 3 on the ECG?

A

1: RA -> LA w/ +ve electrode at LA (0deg)
2: RA -> LL w/ +ve at LL (60deg)
3: LA -> LL w/ +ve at LL (120deg)

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6
Q

Where would you place the av leads?

A

avF: 1/2 way between LA and RA to LL w/ +ve on LL (90deg)
avL: 1/2 way between RA and LL to LA w/ +ve on LA (-30deg)
avR: 1/2 way between LA and LL to RA w/ +ve RA (-150deg)

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7
Q

How many seconds do squares represent on ECG?

A

Small: 0.04s
Large: 0.2s

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8
Q

Which lead produces all negative waves?

A

avR

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9
Q

Which leads would produce QRS complex upright?

A

1 and 2

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10
Q

In which leads must the R and S waves grow?

A

R: Chest leads V1 to V4
S: Chest leads V1 to V3 (Disappear in V6)

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11
Q

In which leads will T waves and P waves be seen upright?

A

Leads 1, 2, V2-6

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12
Q

What abnormalities on P waves would be shown?

A

Tall pointed: Right atrial enlargement

M-shaped: Left atrial enlargement

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13
Q

What are 3 signs of abnormal T waves?

A

1) Symmetrical
2) Tall and peaked
3) Biphasic/Inverted

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14
Q

What does plateau phase of cardiac AP coincide with on ECG?

A
QT interval
(QT decreases after HR increases)
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