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Cardiology > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the 10 electrodes placed on the body?

A
  • 4 classic electrodes - right arm, left arm, left leg, right leg (ground)
  • 6 precordial electrodes - located on the chest
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2
Q

Where are the 3 bipolar leads?

A

Classic lead I, II, III

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3
Q

Where are the 9 bipolar leads located

A
  • Augmented vectors (central terminal → classic electrodes) - aVl, aVr, aVf
  • Precordial vectors (central terminal → precordial electrodes) - V1-6
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4
Q

If the wave of depolarisation is heading in the the direction of the positive recording electrode, the ECG is programmed to produce a _______ deflection

A

If the wave of depolarisation is heading in the the direction of the positive recording electrode, the ECG is programmed to produce a positive deflection

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5
Q

If the wave of repolarisation is heading in the the direction of the negative reference electrode, the ECG is programmed to produce a _______ deflection

A

If the wave of repolarisation is heading in the the direction of the negative reference electrode, the ECG is programmed to produce a positive deflection

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6
Q

If the wave of depolarisation is heading in the the direction of the negative reference electrode, the ECG is programmed to produce a _______ deflection

A

If the wave of depolarisation is heading in the the direction of the negative reference electrode, the ECG is programmed to produce a negative deflection

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7
Q

If the wave of repolarisation is heading in the the direction of the positive reference electrode, the ECG is programmed to produce a ________ deflection

A

If the wave of repolarisation is heading in the the direction of the positive reference electrode, the ECG is programmed to produce a negative deflection

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8
Q

What does the isoelectric linerepresent?

A

Period of no net electrical change (i.e. no changes in membrane potential as myocytes are completely depolarised or repolarised)

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9
Q

Name the deflections of the ECG graph

A

`

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10
Q

What does the P wave represent?

A

Depolarisation of atrial wall

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11
Q

Why do the SA node, AV node, and other major contractile myocyte groups not produce a deflection on the ECG?

A

Size too small hence electrical signal not strong enough to be read by ECG

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12
Q

What does the PQ segment represent?

A
  • Complete depolarisation of atria → atrial contraction
  • Isoelectric line
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13
Q

What does the Q wave represent?

A
  • Wave of depolarisation travelling down the interventricular septum
  • AP travels faster down the left bundle branch than the right (due to greater number of cardiac myocytes) → wave of depolarisation moves from the left to the right → Q wave = negative deflection
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14
Q

What does the R wave represent?

A

Depolarisation of the majority of the free ventricular wall (apex → base; endocardium → epicardium)

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15
Q

What does the S wave represent?

A
  • Depolarisation of the final Purkinje fibres
  • Negative deflection as Purkinje fibres move into mid-myocardium region, thus change in direction
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16
Q

What does the ST segment represent?

A
  • Complete depolarisation of ventricle → ventricular contraction
  • Isoelectric line
17
Q

What does the T wave represent?

A

Repolarisation of the ventricle

18
Q

How is the heart rate (HR) calculated using an ECG

A

Measure RR interval

  • Big squares = 0.2 seconds
  • Small squares = 0.04 seconds
19
Q

What regions of the heart do the classic limb leads view?

i.e. Lead I-III

A
  • Lead I - Lateral wall
  • Lead II - Inferior wall
  • Lead III - Inferior wall
20
Q

What region of the heart do the augmented vectors view

i.e. aVl, aVr, aVf

A
  • aVl - No specific view
  • aVr - lateral wall
  • aVf - inferior wall
21
Q

Where are the 6 precordial leads placed?

A
  • V1 - placed in the 4th intercostal space, right of the sternum
  • V2 - placed in the 4th intercostal space, left of the sternum
  • V3 - placed between V2 and V4
  • V4 - placed 5th intercostal space in the nipple line. Official recommendations are to place V4 under the breast in women.
  • V5 - placed between V4 and V6
  • V6 - placed in the midaxillary line on the same height as V4
    • (horizontal line from V4, so not necessarily in the 5th intercostal space)
22
Q

What regions of the heart do the precordial leads view?

A
  • V1-4 - Anterior chest
  • V5-6 Lateral wall
23
Q

To review, what leads view the:

  1. Anterior Chest
  2. Lateral Wall of the Left Ventricle
  3. Inferior Chest
  4. No Man’s Land
A
  1. V1, V2, V3 and V4
  2. aVL, Lead I , V5 and V6
  3. Lead II, Lead III, and Lead aVF
  4. aVR

Cardiology (6 decks)

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