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KB - ECG > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

What is P?

A

atrial depolarisation

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2
Q

How long does P usually last?

A

0.08-0.10seconds

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3
Q

What is the QRS complex?

A

ventricular depolarisation

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4
Q

How long does the QRS complex usually last?

A

less than 0.10 seconds

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5
Q

What is T?

A

ventricular repolarisation

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6
Q

What occurs in the PR interval?

A

largely AV nodal delay

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7
Q

How long is the PR interval usually?

A

0.12-0.2 seconds

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8
Q

What occurs in the ST segment?

A

ventricular contraction

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9
Q

What occurs in the TP interval?

A

ventricular relaxation

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10
Q

What is the ECG paper speed?

A

25mm/second

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11
Q

How do you calculate the heart rate if it is regular?

A

300 divided by the number of large squares between two beats (R-R interval)

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12
Q

How do you calculate the heart rate if it is irregular?

A

number of QRS complexes in 30 large squares multiplied by 10

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13
Q

How many seconds does one large box stand for?

A

0.2

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14
Q

How many seconds does one small box stand for?

A

0.04

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15
Q

Where do the limb electrodes go?

A

RA, LA, LL and RL (neutral)

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16
Q

What are the 6 limb leads?

A

I, II, III, aVF, aVL, aVR

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17
Q

Why is aVR inverted?

A

the predominant vector is depolarisation moving away from the electrode

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18
Q

Why are the P and T waves poorly resolved in limb lead III?

A

the predominant vector is approx. perpendicular to the lead axis

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19
Q

The predominant vector is approx. parallel to lead axis in limb lead II. What does this result in?

A

well resolved P and T waves

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20
Q

What is a lead?

A

imagine a line between two electrodes

21
Q

Where is the neutral, reference electrode?

A

RL

22
Q

Where is V1?

A

right sternal edge, 4th intercostal space

23
Q

Where is V2?

A

left sternal edge, 4th intercostal space

24
Q

Where is V3?

A

half way between V2 and V4

25
Q

Where is V4?

A

5th intercostal space, midclavicular line

26
Q

Where is V5?

A

anterior axillary line

27
Q

Where is V6?

A

mid axillary line

28
Q

What does broad complex tachycardia show?

A

A ventricular problem

29
Q

What do narrow QRS complexes show?

A

Atrial origin

30
Q

What do broad QRS complexes with slurred upstroke on the R/delta wave show?

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

31
Q

What does an absent P wave show?

A

sinoatrial block

32
Q

Bifid P wave?

A

LA hypertrophy e.g. in mitral stenosis

33
Q

Peaked P wave?

A

RA hypertrophy e.g. pulmonary HT, tricuspid stenosis

34
Q

ST depression?

A

myocardial ischaemia

35
Q

ST elevation?

A

Acute MI

36
Q

‘Saddle’ shaped ST elevation?

A

acute constrictive pericarditis

37
Q

Irregularly irregular rhythm?

A

AF

38
Q

Sawtooth rhythm strip?

A

atrial flutter

39
Q

long PR interval?

A

1st degree heart block

40
Q

Describe Mobitz type I on an ECG.

A

PR interval gradually decreasing from cycle to cycle until the AV node completely fails and a QRS complex is missing

41
Q

PR interval is constant, but every nth QRS is missing?

A

Mobitz type II

42
Q

W pattern in V1, M pattern in V6?

A

LBBB

43
Q

M pattern in V1, W pattern in V5?

A

RBBB

44
Q

dissociation between P waves and QRS complexes?

A

complete heart block

45
Q

What are the lateral ECG leads? e.g. for describing an MI

A

I, aVL, V5-6

46
Q

What are the septal ECG leads?

A

V1-2

47
Q

What are the inferior ECG leads?

A

II, III, aVF

48
Q

What are the anterior ECG leads?

A

V3-4

KB - ECG (1 decks)

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