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Cardiology > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

What is the electrocardiograph?

A

The actual device doing the recording

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2
Q

What is the electrocardiogram?

A

The measurement of potential differences between distant sites on the body surface

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3
Q

When is the measured potential difference greatest?

A

When the lead axis is parallel to the direction of the dipole

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4
Q

What does the dipole represent?

A

An electrical vector

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5
Q

What determines the magnitude of the electrical vector?

A

Magnitude is determined by the mass of cardiac muscle that is involved in the generation of the signal

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6
Q

What determines the direction of the electrical vector?

A

Direction is determined by the overall activity of the heart at any instant in time and varies during the cardiac cycle

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7
Q

When is an upward deflection seen on an ECG?

A

When the wave of depolarisation is moving towards the recording electrode

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8
Q

What is the duration of a normal P wave?

A

0.08-0.1s

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9
Q

Which part of the atrial action potential does the P wave correspond with?

A

The upstroke

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10
Q

What is the duration of a normal QRS complex?

A

<0.1s

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11
Q

What does the QRS complex represent?

A

Ventricular depolarisation masking atrial repolarisation

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12
Q

At what parts of the ECG is it completely isoelectric and why?

A

PR segment: atria completely depolarised ST segment: ventricles completely depolarised TP interval: all regions repolarised

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13
Q

What does the T wave represent?

A

Ventricular repolarisation

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14
Q

What does the PR interval represent?

A

Mostly AV node delay

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15
Q

What is the normal duration of the PR interval?

A

0.12-0.2s

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16
Q

Where does the PR interval start and end?

A

At the beginning of the P wave At the beginning of the QRS complex

17
Q

Which region of the ECG represents systole?

A

ST segment

18
Q

Why is the recording from the AvR lead inverted?

A

Wave of depolarisation is moving away from the lead

19
Q

Why might poorly resolved P and T waves be seen in lead 3?

A

The lead axis is approximately perpendicular to the vector

20
Q

Why is it likely that the P and T waves seen in lead 2 will be well resolved?

A

The lead axis is approximately parallel to the vector

21
Q

What questions should be answered while determining the rhythm from the rhythm strip?

A

Is electrical activity present? Is the rhythm regular or irregular? What is the heart rate? P-waves present? What is the PR interval? Is each P-Wave followed by a QRS complex? Is the QRS duration normal?

Cardiology (15 decks)

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