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Physio Test 2 > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

ECG definition?

A

A body surface recording of a change in electrical potential, which is a PROJECTION of the net potential changes occurring in the heart

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2
Q

ventricular depolarization - first things to contract?

A

interventricular septum and papillary muscles

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3
Q

on read out yo get a peak going up and one going down. what does this mean?

A

The depolarizations were paced from different areas - multple PVCs = compromise in circulation in those areas

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4
Q

vertical axis=

A

voltage

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5
Q

horiz axis=

A

time

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6
Q

10 mm is how many mvolts?

A

1.0mV

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7
Q

How many horiz lines will you pass on a EC chart in 1sec?

A

25mm per second= 25 lines (boxes)

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8
Q

How long to travel across 5 boxes? Dark line to dark line?

A

0.2 seconds since each 1mm box=.04seconds

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9
Q

PR interval shouldnt be longer than?

A

0.2 seconds

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10
Q

P-wave

A
  • atrial depolarization
  • Phase 0 of atrial muscle cells
    range: 60msec to 110msec
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11
Q

P-R interval

A
  • time for atrial depolarization and passage through the A-V node (to begining of QRS or ventricular depolarization)
  • range: 120msec to 200msec
  • onset of atrial depol to onset of ventricular depol
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12
Q

P-R segment

A
  • passage of current through the A-V node

- base line!

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13
Q

QRS complex and components

A
  • ventricular depolarization
  • takes about 80 miliseconds (2 boxes) (30msec- 120msec)
  • positive deflection = R wave of QRS
  • negative deflection before R wave = Q-wave
  • negative deflection after R-wave = S-wave
  • Phase 0 of all ventricular muscle cells
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14
Q

S-T segment

A
  • about at isoelectric line - 0 mV

- between depolarization and repolarization (between Phase 0 and phase 3 = refractory period –> the plateau PHASE 2)

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15
Q

T-wave

A
  • repolarization - Phase 3 of all ventricular muscle cells
  • length varies
  • REPOL OF VENTRICLE
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16
Q

U-wave

A
  • repolarization of purkinje or papillary muscles

- not really seeing it

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17
Q

isoelectric line

A

base- 0 milivolts

18
Q

ATRIAL DEPOLARIZATION should be how long?

A

60-110msec

19
Q

What happens to time of atrial depolarization if the left atrium is enlarged?

A

longer than 120msec

-usually due to stenosis and mitral regurg

20
Q

QRS longer than #msec? ventricules should not take longer than how long to depolarize? what could be the problem?

A
  • 120msec or 0.12seconds
  • ectopic focus
  • right or left bundlebranch block
21
Q

S-T segment can indicate? (When the line is not flat at 0V)

A
  • acute ischemia of the ehart (its fixable bc its still alive)
  • shouldnt detect electrical activity at surface because during Phase 2 (ie STsegment) the voltage is at 0!)
  • So problem injured or ischemic - the damaged area is at a different voltage that another part which will show up on the ECG
  • ST-segment elevation from 0 = acute injury
  • STsegment depression from 0 = ischemia without injury (need to open the vessel)
22
Q

QT interval

A
  • begining of QRS to end of T-wave (onset of vent depol to end of ventricular repolarization)
  • varies with heartrate
  • commonly changes with Rx drugs
23
Q

what can cause U waves to get larger?

A
  • electrochemical conditions of the heart

ex) hypocalcemia

24
Q

If Pr interval is less than its min range - 120msec then this means/

A

-accessory pathway between atria and ventricules - bundle of kent

25
Q

What lead analyzes the ECG in the frontal plane along a line that bisects the angle made by Lead I and Lead III?

A

-AVL lead

26
Q

unipolar chest leads.

A

Chest Leads V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6

Limb Leads: AVR, AVL, AVF

27
Q

chest leads record acvtivity in what plane?

A

transverse - horizontal plane

28
Q

Lead 1

A

bipolar electrode

-looking for difference between left arm and right arm

29
Q

Lead 2

A

-recording Right arm to the left leg

30
Q

Putting leads on:

A

L arm Lead 1+/Lead 3-
R arm -
L leg +
R leg = GROUND

31
Q

Lead 3

A

-recording Left leg to L arm

32
Q

Whcih leads are bipolar?

A

Limb Leads 1,2,3

33
Q

positive deflection means? Neg… etc

A

vector starts in the heart and points more to LEFT than to RIGHT then its + in LEAD I

34
Q

vector that describes atrial depolarization points?

A

down and left - SHORT (compared to ventricular depol)

35
Q

ventricular depolarization vector points?

A

down and left - LONG (compared to atrial depol)

36
Q

which leads do you usually look at to analyze? why?

A

Lead 2 - SHOULD HAVE THE BIGGEST DEFLECTIONG

37
Q

Junctional rhythms has what with respect to which lead?

A

inverted in lead II

38
Q

shift ventricular vector to left-up

A
  • LAD - left axis deviation
  • LVH (left ventricular hypertrophy) - toward 0 degrees
  • arterial hypertension
39
Q

shift ventricular vector to right

A
  • RAD - right axis deviation
  • right ventricular hypertrophy (pulmonary) - toward 180 degrees
  • hypertension
  • lung disease
40
Q

Heart rate from ECG

A
  • count boxes from start of Q of QRS.
  • 300
  • 150
  • 100
  • 75
  • 60
  • 50
  • 43
41
Q

unipolar leads in transverse plane and their placement:

A
  • V1 = fourth intercostal space, right sternal border
  • V2 = fourth intercostal space, left sternal border
  • V3 = midway between V2 & V4 on a line joining those two points
  • V4 = fifth interspace midclavicular line
  • V5 = anterior axillary line; on same level with V4
  • V6 = midaxillary line; on same level with V4 and V5
42
Q

PR interval longer than normal time range?

A

usually nothing pathophysiological

Physio Test 2 (10 decks)

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