ECG Flashcards
What is the flow of blood as it enters the heart from the body?
- Vena Cava
- Right Atrium
- Right Ventricle
- Pulmonary Artery (Picks O2 up @ the lungs.)
- Pulmonary vein (back to the heart.)
- Left Atrium
- Left Ventricle to aorta & back into the body.
What is a vein and artery which carry opposite of what they’re expected to?
Pulmonary Artery Carries Deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs.
Pulmonary Vein: Carries Oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart.
(Vein- towards heart; Artery- away from heart.)
Volume of blood residing in the heart after contraction?
Preload.
Force required for the heart to pump blood out of it’s ventricles.
Afterload.
Which phase of the heart is systolic/ diastolic?
Systolic: Contracting Phase.
Diastolic: Relaxing Phase.
Fluid Accumulation within the air sacs of the lungs?
Pulmonary Edema- Not Drainable, think wet sponge.
Fluid Accumulation within the pleura.
Pleural Effusion- Usually can be drained.
What are three medications commonly used as a mild sedative for patients in cardiac distress?
Butorphanol- Top Choice
Morphine- Decentralizes BLD flow.
Acepromazine- No Reversal.
A patient comes into the ER in what appears to be cardiac related distress and is very stress, what are the first two things that would be most helpful to this patient?
Oxygen and a sedative (so the patient doesn’t go into cardiac arrest.)
What is the action of diuretics?
They diminish Na+ uptake in the nephrons, since Na+ binds to H2O this increases the amount of urine produced and lowers fluid in blood vessels, reducing BLD pressure and allows fluid from other places to be absorbed into the blood stream.
What are two common diuretics?
Furosemide and Spironolactone.
What is an organ that diuretics affect and is contraindicated when the organ is not functioning well?
The kidneys. Diuretics increase the amount of work on the kidneys.
What should always be available to patients on diuretics? Why?
Water. Diuretics Cause the body to lose fluid from all places, so it’s important to replenish areas that may become dehydrated.
Medication type which strengthens the hearts contractions?
Positive Inotrope.
(Can help increase Systolic BP.)
What is the mechanism of action of a Positive Inotrope?
By making Ca more available to heart cells (Different Methods.) The muscle will be able to contract stronger.
What are 3 methods Positive Inotropes make Ca more available to cells?
- May increase Ca entering the cell.
- May increase Ca released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- May increase sensitivity to Ca.
What are three types of positive inotropes?
Digoxin, Dopamine, Pimobendan.
What do venous and arterial dilators do?
decentralize blood flow, and help to lower blood pressure.
What dilator decreases the afterload?
Arterial.
Afterload: Force required for the heart to pump blood out of it’s ventricles.
What dilator decreases the preload?
Venous.
Preload: Blood left in the heart after contracting.
What vital sign needs to be watched closely with venous and arterial dilators?
BP.
