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ECG and the Heart > ECG 1 > Flashcards

ECG 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an electrocardiogram a recording of?

A

Voltage in respect of time

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2
Q

Where is the ground electrode located on a patient?

A

Right leg

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3
Q

Define depolarization

A

contraction

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4
Q

What are leads I, II, III?

A

Standard or bipolar

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5
Q

Where must limb sensors be placed in order to obtain an accurate ECG?

A

Upper arms and lower legs

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6
Q

What are the devices that attach to the skin called?

A

Sensors or electrodes

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7
Q

What setting controls the amount of voltage represented on the tracing?

A

Amplitude

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8
Q

What does vertical deflection from the baseline on the ECG represent?

A

Voltage

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9
Q

What is the reference mark to determine amplitude?

A

Standardization mark

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10
Q

What are aVR, aVL, aVF known as?

A

Augmented Leads

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11
Q

What is the SA Node?

A

It initiates and regulates heartbeat

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12
Q

List the characteristics of cardiac muscle

A
  • It’s striated
  • Has dark Z lines
  • Can contract without being triggered by nerve impulse
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13
Q

What valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?

A

Bicuspid valve

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14
Q

What are the right and left side of the heart separated by?

A

Septa

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15
Q

Define Parietal Pericardium

A

The loose fitting sac that covers the heart

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16
Q

What is the foramen ovale and what is it called after birth?

A
  • A depression in the inter-atrial septum

- Fossa Ovalis

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17
Q

List the layers of the heart and their function

A
  • Epicardium (outer layer)
  • Myocardium (middle layer)
  • Endocardium (inner layer)
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18
Q

Where is deoxygenated blood pumped into?

A

Pulmonary veins

19
Q

Define stroke volume

A

The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 beat

20
Q

Define cardiac output

A

The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute

21
Q

What part of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins?

A

Right atrium

22
Q

Where does the right ventricle pump the blood into?

A

Pulmonary arteries

23
Q

List the 4 chambers of the heart

A

Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

24
Q

Name the heart valves

A

Tricuspid
Bicuspid
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Aortic

25
Q

Define polarization

A

where electrical charges are balanced

26
Q

Define Re-Polarization

A

Re-Contraction

27
Q

What is the blood circulation pattern?

A

The blood enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava

  • Goes through tricuspid valve
  • Into right ventricle
  • Through pulmonary semilunar valve
  • Through pulmonary artery
  • Into the lungs
  • Into pulmonary veins
  • Into left atrium
  • Through bicuspid valve
  • Into left ventricle
  • Through aortic valve
  • Into aorta
28
Q

What is standard calibration of ECG machine?

A

10 mm per 1 millivolt

29
Q

How fast does ECG paper trace?

A

25 mm per second

30
Q

What is the function of aVR?

A

voltage difference between right arm and central point between left arm and leg

31
Q

What is the function of aVF?

A

Voltage difference between left leg to central point between right and left arm

32
Q

What is the function of aVL

A

voltage difference between left arm to central point between the right arm and left leg

33
Q

List the leads and their location

A
  • V1: 4th intercostal space at right margin of sternum
  • V2: 4th intercostal space on left side of sternum
  • V3: midway between position 2 and 4
  • V4: 5th intercostal space at junction of left midclavicular line
  • V5: Horizontal level of position 4 at left anterior axillary line
  • V6: Horizontal level of position 4 at left midaxillary line
34
Q

Define P Wave

A

atrial depolarization

35
Q

Define QRS Complex

A

ventricular depolarization

36
Q

Define T Wave

A

ventricular repolarization

37
Q

What is P-R Segment?

A

end of P Wave to the beginning of QRS Complex

38
Q

What is S-T Segment?

A

end of QRS Complex to beginning of T Wave

39
Q

What is P-R Interval?

A

Beginning of P Wave to the beginning of QRS Complex

40
Q

What is Q-T Interval?

A

Beginning of QRS Complex to the end of T Wave

41
Q

What is an artifact?

A

Interference of ECG results

42
Q

List ECG artifacts

A

Muscle Artifact (inconsistent)
Wandering Baseline
Alternating Current Artifact (consistent)
Interrupted Baseline

43
Q

What is the Holter Monitor Used for?

A
  • To detect arrhythmia
  • To assess the function of a pacemaker
  • To assess medication efficacy
  • To find the cause of unexplained fainting
44
Q

Color and placement of Holter Monitor electrodes

A

White: right side under clavicle
Brown: left side under clavicle
Black: left side, fourth intercostal space
Red: left side, fifth intercostal space, midaxillary line
Green: right side, any flat surface, usually opposite red electrode

ECG and the Heart (2 decks)

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