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Bridge Navigation Equipment > ECDIS > Flashcards

ECDIS Flashcards

1
Q

What does ECDIS stand for?

A

Electronic Chart Display & Information System

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2
Q

What is the difference between ECDIS & ECS?

A

ECDIS complies with the IMO’s SOLAS class vessels requirements, while the ECS does not.

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3
Q

What is the main purpose of the ECDIS?

A

Improve Safety of Navigation.

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4
Q

What are some limitations of the ECDIS?

A
  • Over-Reliance
  • Alarm Fatigue
  • Lack of Whole World Coverage
  • Datum Shift
  • Different Scales on Adjacent Charts
  • Vulnerable to Single- Point Failure
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5
Q

How do you avoid over-reliance on the ECDIS?

A

By cross checking position regularly, using range-baring or any other means.

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6
Q

What is Alarm Fatigue?

A

Exposed to alarms daily until the officer becomes desensitized to them and doesn’t respond accordingly.

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7
Q

What is Datum Shift?

A

Datum used to derive position does not match the datum of chart used to plot position.

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8
Q

What are the carriage requirements of the ECDIS? State the regulation.

A

As per SOLAS Ch.V (Safety of Navigation), Reg.19.

  • Passenger Ships 500gt or more
  • Cargo Ships 3000gt or more

In international voyages must be fitted with ECDIS and a back up in case of ECDIS failure.

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9
Q

What is the back up in case of ECDIS failure?

A

Could be:
- Another second independent type-approved ECDIS with a separate power supply and GNSS input.

  • Carriage of up-to-date paper charts.
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10
Q

What are some requirements for the ECDIS in order to be used a a primary means of navigation?

A
  • Type-Approved
  • Appropriate Back-Up Arrangements
  • Official ENCs & RNCs are used
  • Officers a Qualified & Competent
  • Annotated in the vessel’s record of equipment as a primary means of navigation
  • SMS includes carriage procedures & safe operation.
  • It is capable of displaying current version of IHO library
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11
Q

What are the training requirements for officers in terms ECDIS?

A
  • Generic ECDIS Certificate
  • Type-Specific ECDIS Training (NOT Mandatory but companies must ensure officers are familiarized with it)
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12
Q

What are the inputs of the ECDIS?

A
  • GNSS (Pos.-Time-COG-SOG)
  • Gyro Compass: Heading
  • Speed Log: STW
  • AIS (Works VFH)
  • RADAR
  • ARPA
  • Anemometer: Wind Speed & Direction
  • Echo Sounder: UKC
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13
Q

What is an Alert and an Indication? What’s the difference between them?

A

Alert - Audible and/or visual announcement of a condition requiring immediate attention. Priorities are alarm, warning, and caution.

Indication - Visual indication giving information on the condition of a system or equipment.

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14
Q

What are the five mandatory ECDIS alarms?

A
  • Deviation from Route
  • Reaching a Critical Point
  • Different Geodetic Datum
  • Positioning System Failure
  • Look-Ahead Sector Making Contact with Safety Contour
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15
Q

What three situations where it can either give off an alarm or indication?

A
  • Pass closer then set distance from an area with special conditions.
  • Pass closer then set distance from a danger in route monitoring mode.
  • Malfunction of ECDIS
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16
Q

What are some cases where an indication is shown on the ECDIS?

A
  • Default Safety Contour
  • Larger Scale ENC Available
  • Information Over-scale
  • Information not displayed due to Scale Minimum
  • Different Reference System
  • No ENC available
  • Customized Display
  • Route Planning closer than set distance from safety contour
  • Route Planning closer than set distance to a specified area
  • Monitored route closer than set distance from safety contour
  • monitored route closer than set distance to a specified area
  • System Test Failure
17
Q

What are some areas with special conditions that show either an alarm or indication on the ECDIS?

A
  • TSS
  • ITZ
  • Restricted Area
  • Caution Area
  • Offshore Production Area
  • Areas to be avoided
  • User Defined Areas to be Avoided
  • Military Practice Area
  • Seaplane Landing Areas
  • Submarine Transit Lane
  • Anchorage Area
  • Marine Farm/Aquaculture
  • Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA)
18
Q

What does ENC stand for, and what are they?

A

Electronic Navigational Chart, AKA Vector Chart. They are a visual representation of a database of information.

19
Q

What are some features of an ENC?

A
  • The user can interrogate elements on the chart for more information.
  • Allows full use of ECDIS functions due to it being intractable with ECDIS.
  • Can add, remove and edit layers.
  • Seamless transition between charts
20
Q

Difference between large and small scale charts? And when to use them?

A
  • Larger Scale gives more details and is used for navigation in more constrained waters
  • Smaller Scale gives off less details and is used more commonly in more open waters as it covers a larger geographical area.
21
Q

What is a compilation scale on the ECDIS?

A

It is the best scale at which the ENC is intended to be used for navigation.

22
Q

What are the different scales for different chart types?

A

6 - Berthing - <1:4,000
5 - Harbor - 1:4,000 to 1:12,000
4 - Approaches - 1:22,000 to 1:45,000
3 - Coastal - 1:90,000 to 1:180,000
2 - General - 1:350,000 to 1:700,000
1 - Overview - 1:1,500,000 to 1:3,000,000

23
Q

What is SCAMIN?

A

A filter used to control the amount of information displayed on an ECDIS screen to avoid cluttered display.

24
Q

What does a lower SCAMIN value for a feature mean?

A

The feature can be displayed at a smaller scale setting (More Zoomed Out).

25
Q

What does RNC stand for and what are they?

A

Raster Navigational Chart. They are digitally scanned and geo-referenced image of a paper chart.

26
Q

What is the difference between ENCs and RNCs?

A
  • ENCs are electronic charts whereas RNCs are digital scans of paper charts.
  • Objects on ENCs can be interrogated for more information. RNCs can not.
  • ENCs are not covered worldwide whereas RNCs cover the whole world.
  • ENCs allow for the full functionality of the ECDIS by allowing alarms and route checking.
27
Q

What are the two types of symbology used in ENCs? And what’s the difference between them?

A

Simplified and Traditional. Traditional symbols are the same symbols used in paper charts whereas the simplified have been created after for easier identification.

28
Q

What are the four main groups of ENC symbols?

A
  • General: Chart layouts, distances & directions
  • Nav Aids & Services: Lights, Buoys, fog signals, radio services.
  • Topographical: Natural features of land
  • Hydrographical: depths, tides, currents, seabed nature, underwater obstructions.
29
Q

Which publication gives detailed explanations of all ENC symbols on the ECDIS?

A

NP5012 - Guide to ENC Symbols

30
Q

What are the chart presentation modes (layers)?

A
  • Base: not enough data for safe navigation.
  • Standard
  • Full: Should be used for passage planning. Could clutter the screen if used during navigation.
  • User-Defined
31
Q

What are the four contours on an ECDIS?

A
  • Shallow Contour: Indicates areas were the vessel will run aground
  • Safety Contour: Difference between safe and unsafe waters
  • Safety Depth: Soundings less than safety contour
  • Deep Contour: It is where the vessel is expected to experience squat.
32
Q

What is the calculation for the safety contour?

A

Draft + Squat + Min UCK - Height of Tide

33
Q

How do you calculate the deep contour?

A

2 x Ship’s Draft

34
Q

What are the two orientations of an ENC? And which is more commonly used?

A

North-Up and Course-Up. North-Up is more commonly used.

35
Q

What is the safety depth value usually set to?

A

The same value as the safety contour.

36
Q

How do spot soundings appear in relation to the value of the safety depth?

A

Depths Shallower than value appear in bold. Depths safer appear in light grey.

37
Q

Which four performance standards has the IHO set for how ENCs are made for the ECDIS?

A

S-52: Colors and Symbols of ENCs
S-57: Format and Specifications of ENCs
S-63: Protection of Integrity of ENCs Data
S-100: Digital Hydrographic Products

38
Q

How do you calculate an anchor watch swing circle?

A

Swing Circle = Length Overall of Vessel + (N. of Shackles x 27.5 meters)

Swing Circle/1852 meters = Number of Cables

Bridge Navigation Equipment (2 decks)

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