ECDE 124 - Final Exam Flashcards
Study For The Final
What is Proximity?
Low Power: Being close to the child
What does FELOR stand for?
Low Power: Face
Eye Contact
Lean toward
Open Posture
Relaxed
What is sports announcing?
Low Power: Describe what you see… “I see that Jimmy has his coat on and is ready to go outside. I see that Tracy is washing her hands after going to the washroom.”
What is Modality Cueing?
Low Power: using senses to gain the childs attention (eye contact, a head shake, “the look”, making a sound, using touch)
What does TET stand for?
Low Power: Teacher Effectiveness Training?
What are the 5 steps to TET?
Low Power:
- figure out who has the problem, does the adult have the problem? or does the child have the problem?
1. I message
2. Allow the child to respond
3. Active listening
4. I message again - if child is not responding
5. If the child does not change behavior - move to win-win problem solving
What is TET based on?
2 way communication - emphaizes interpersonal skills
What are the 6 steps to win-win problem solving?
Low Power:
1. Define the problem
2. Brainstorm solutions/ideas
3. Evaluate each solution
4. Decide on which solution to use
5. Set time frame
6. Evaluate
What type of question should you NEVER ask?
WHY???
What are the 6 steps of Glasser?
Medium Power:
1. Define the boundries
2. Enforce the boundries
3. Question “What’s the rule”
4. Plan for new behavior
5. Isolation: only done if plan didn’t work “child is seperated
6. Class meeting: if several children are exhibiting the same/similar behaviors
What is negative reinforcment
the removal of something unpleasant “if you do ___ I’ll take 5 questions off the test”
What is Dreikurs?
The child’s resort to one of four mistake goals
1. Attention
2. Power
3. Revenge
4. Avoidance of failure (helplessness and inadequacy)
What is attention-getting? And how you deal with attention-getting?
a behavior that a child does to gain attention, ignore behavior in the moment, when the child exhibits the wanted behavior.. aknowlodge it!
What is Power and Control?
When a child wants to be in control, giving the child a sense of responsibility and power “would you like to put your hat or your snow/rain pants on first?
What is Revenge from a child?
the child may feel the need to hurt because they have been hurt in some way
what is helplessness or inadequacy?
children who have been unable to meet their needs for belonging will eventually withdraw
what is praise?
“wow that is such a beautiful castle”
what is encouragement?
“I really like your castle, it looks like you spent a long time building it”
what is a logical consequense? (natural)
happens as a result of the behavior with no adult intervention or input
what is a logical consequense? (logical)
applied to an individual in response to the childs behavior. must relate directly to the behavior
what is most wanted?
used whn you are avoiding a child for some reason or don’t like a child. you sppend a lot of time with the same child by following his/her lead. invite the child to do things with you
give an example of choices
“would you like to put your winter coat or your hat on first?
what is increasing behavior?
reinforcing what you want to see
what is the premack principle
WHEN ____ happens THEN we will do ____
what is assertive command?
when the child is told to do something in a clear and concise manner
how do you write behavior objectives?
be specific and concrete - observable.
Lable, place, say, take, puts hands on, verbally, point, etc.
3 different ways of collecting data
event sample, ABC analysis, time sample
what is positive reinforcment?
anything plesant after the wanted behavior to encourage and support the wanted behavior
what is negative reinforcment?
the removal of something negative that has the effect to increase the wanted behavior.
speeding tickets are a negative reinforcer to encourage people to stay within the speed limit
In general ____ Rieneforcement is prefered over ____ reienforcment
In general POSITIVE Rieneforcement is prefered over NEGATIVE reienforcment
What is shaping?
the gradual reinforcment of increasingly more complex forms of behavior
what are the 7 steps to shaping?
- select the target behavior
- select the initial behavior
- select powerful reinforcers for the initial behavior
- reinforce the initial behavior
- reinforce successive approximations of the target bahavior each time they occur
- reinforce the target behavior each time it occurs
- reinforce the target behavior intermittently
what is forward chaining?
forward chaining starts at the beginning of the task analysis and reinforces linked behaviors until the child can successfully complete the entire task
what is backward chaining?
backward chaining is used when the child does not know any of the steps, and is typically used with lower functioning individuals
how do you do forward chaining?
in the beginning only the first step is reinforced
then the child must do steps 1&2 before getting reinforced
then steps1, 2&3 before reinforcment
etc, etc, until the child can do ALL steps before being reinforced
how do you do backward chaining?
start with the last step in the chain and reinforce, then have the child do the last 3 spets before reinforcment,
etc, etc.
this techinique is best used with less complex tasks to begin with
what is extinction?
withholding the delivery of the consequence that maintians the undesirable behavior
what are the 3 different ways of extinction
-attention - ignore undesirable behavior and pay attention to desirable behavior
-tangible object - deny access when the undesirable behavior is exhibited and allow accesswhen the replacement behavior is exhibited or any other acceptable behavior is exhibited
-escape/avoidance - require a limited number of sttempts at the present task, or a limited time spent at the task before allowing a break
What “High Power” technite do we NEVER use?
time out
DO not USE TIME OUT. EVER
what color is the sky on a clear day
light blue
(or just blue)
how many letters are in the english alphabet
26
what is a comma?
a punctuation mark, indicating a pause inbetween parts of a sentence?
if you feel threatened
the childs mistaken goal is…
power and control
if you feel hurt
the childs mistaken goal is…
revenge
if you feel threatened
the childs mistaken goal is…
power and control
if you feel annoyed/irritated
the childs mistaken goal is…
attention-getting
if children stop behavior and then repeat it
the childs mistaken goal is…
attention-getting
if you feel powerless
the childs mistaken goal is…
helplessness and inadequacy
if children refuse to stop or increase thebehavior
the childs mistaken goal is…
power and control
if children become violent or hostile
the childs mistaken goal is…
revenge
if children refuse to cooperate, participate, or interact
the childs mistaken goal is…
helplessness or inadequacy
guidance is….
the teachers’ effective positive interactions with their students over the negative ones
what does BI stand for?
behavior intervention
from B.F. Skinner
to change the behavior you may need to…
change the environment
what are some positive reinforcers?
highfive, stickers, praise, stamps
what are two (2) things you can never eat for breakfast?
Lunch and Dinner
the more you take the more you leave behind. what are they?
foot steps
forwards im heavy backwards I’m not
a Ton
what is yours but mostly used by others?
your name
what has 13 hearts but no other organs?
a deck of cards
what has to be broken before you can use it?
an egg
what month of the year has 28 days?
all of them
what is full of holes but can still hold water?
a sponge
there is a one story house with yellow everything. yellow walls, yellow furniture, yellow ceilings.
what color are the stairs?
there are no stairs, it is a one story house.
I am an odd number, take away a letter and I am even, what am I
seven (take away the S and it says even)
it has been claimed that behavior should be both ____and ____ to be clssified as aggressive
it has been claimed that behavior should be both _INTENTIONAL_and HARMFUL to be clssified as aggressive
the child who appears aloof usually has 4 things
- lack of experience
- inability to trust adults or children
- inability to take risks
- stressful life situations
what is ONE (or more than one) way that linking a child with a more skilled child may aid the less skilled child?
-most children learn well and easily from their peers
-the goal is to help the hesitant child to see that play is fun and enjoyable
what is time out?
-to “help” an out of control child calm down
-not used simply because adult is upset with child
-child is places in an unstimulating, unreinforcein area
-adult decides when child returns
what is time away?
-child goes to an area that is calming and soothing when they are upset
-child may engage in calming activities
-this area has deep breathing and calming materials
child decides when they are ready to return
what can spanking (which you should never do) teach children?
-it does not teach the child what to do
-teaches the child that it is OK for adults to hit
-children may interpret spanking as “it’s okay for bigger people to hit smaller people”
play is….
-a learning framework for learning, the way a child explores the world
-helps a child discover what is possible
-gives a child a sense of power and control
-enourages a child to express him/herself
-helps a child learn to manage feelings
-provides the foundation for later academic learning
-helps a child integrate all areas of development
what are the 3 skills children need in order to play successfully?
- make play choices
- initiate play choices
- sustain play choices
what is the point of guidance and discipline?
A wide range of factors defines children’s actions, but all behavior has a purpose, to gain something. Discipline is rule-focused and compliance-focused, while guidance is engagement-focused and learning-focused.
what are the goals of guidance/discipline?
to focus on the childs development, preserve the childs self-esteem and dignity
why is it important to understand your own values and beliefs when guiding childrens behavior
beliefs shape what we view as normal or abnormal
our beliefs are a reflection of our own attitudes, values, and upbringing. they affect how we will interact with children.
what is an undesirable behavior?
what is important to note about the definition
an undesirable behavior is a behavior that you deem unnaceptable/socially unacceptable
-it is important to note that the child may deem that behavior acceptable eventhough you as an adult (with years of social knowledge) deem unnacceptable.
list the ways you can promote positive behavior/preventitive behavior
-focusing on building positive relationships.
-structuring learning environments to optimize -student success.
-differentiating instruction to make learning engaging, meaningful and effective for all students.
-teaching social-emotional skills.
-setting clear behavioural expectations.
-positive reinforcement.
