ECC Flashcards by savy i

Life threatening
Immediate attention
Minor

Breathing, blood, gdv
Fracture, allergery, cut
Gastric upset

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What is shock?

Different types of shock

A state of insufficient blood flow to tissues
Cardiogenic
Hypovolaemic
Obstructive
Distrubutive

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Resp disorders
Stridor
Stertorous

Upper airway disorder
Noise on insp
Noise on exp

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Causes of seizures

Trauma
Brain tumours
Epilepsy
Bacterial/viral infections
Chiari
Idiopathic
Distemper
Lung worm
Hypoglycaemia, hypocalaemia, hypokaleamia 
Toxin ingestion
PSS

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Nursing considerations for seizures

Dim the lights
Quiet kennel
Padded kennel
Check bladder
Draw up and administer meds under vet direction
Turn every 4 hours if recumbent
Check sight and hearing
Record fits

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Grand mal

One big seizure in which the patient can’t come out of it unless drugs are on board

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Petite mal

Small cluster of seizures but will come out of them on their own. twitchy

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Tonic

Tensed muscles with No relaxation period

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Clonic

Tense body with periods of relaxation

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3 meds for seizures

Diazepam
Propofol
Phenobaribtal

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First aid…

Preserves life
Relieves pain and suffering
Prevents deterioration

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Abc performed over

30 seconds

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Cardiac arrest how to help

Cardiac massage
Deliver IPPV
Record everything thats happening
Draw up meds
Gather equipment

What happened?
When it happened?
Has it happened before?
Are we on any medication?
Age and breed of the patient?

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Asses gait
Paresis
Plegia
Quad, para, hemi
Hypermetric

Weakening of body part
Loss of voluntary function of a body part
4, back, side
Exaggerated limb movements

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Mentation
Alert
Obtunded
Stuporous
Coma

Mentally dull
Semi-concious but responds to stimulus
Unconscious

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Cardio pulmonary arrest

3 minute emergency

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Neurological features
Strabismus
Aniscoria
Horners syndrome

Abnormal position of the eye ball
Aysmmetrical pupil
Constriction of the pupil and flaccid eyelids

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Other neurological features to look at

Head tilt
Nystagmus
Head press
Circling
Palpebral reflex
Pupil size, light reflex
Gag reflex
Anal tone

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Proprioceptive position (spinal reflex)

Limb awareness looking at effort in correcting it if they can move ok

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Placing response (spinal reflex)

Ability to percieve its body position when in stance

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Hopping reaction (spinal reflex)

Support body when limb is lofted of the floor by hopping

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Hemi walking (spinal reflex)

Life legs off floor one side of body and see if will support body by shifting weight

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Extensor rigidity

Rigid contractions of extensor muscles

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Opisthotonus

Neck held in extension with top of head directed towards mid back region

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Miosis

Constriction of pupil

Epilepsy

Disorganised electrical activity of the brain

Convulsions

Violent, un-cooordinated contraction of muscles due to abnormal cerebral stimulation

Status epilepticus

State when fit/convulsions are continous

Indwelling catheter can be left for Cephalic Jugular

3 days | 7 days

What is cut down

Cutting the top layer of skin in order to access the vein in severe dehydrated patients

Flush blockage catheter with

Heparinised saline

Drops/ml standard

20 | 60 paediatric

Burette

Chamber for set amount of fluids

Patient interference prevention

Cone Sock Bandage

Over-the-needle vs butterfly

Butterfly is sherper and more likely to cause trauma to the vein such as phlebitis. Butterfly is harder to keep in place.

Contraindications of catheters

Aggressive patient Clotting disorder - jugular If patient cant be monitored 24/7 Fracture in a certain leg - dont use a fractured leg

Why place catheters

Meds Blood transfusion Collect blood Parenteral nutrition

Burn vs scald

Burn dry heat | Scald wet chemical

Treatment of a burn

Run under cold water for 10 minutes Non adhesive dressing and wrap in cling film with damp wet towel on top. Fluids, analgesia, buster collar and cream

Items in a crash box

``` Tape Catheters Et tube Laryngoscope Thermometer Stethoscope ```

Adrenaline

Restarts the heart

Atropine

Speeds up the heart and corrects rhythm if patient has brady arrhythmia

Lidocaine

Correct cardiac arrhythmia | Local GA

Diazepam

Halts seizure activity

Calcium gluconate 10%

Hypocalaemia

Dextrose solution 10%

Hypoglycemia

Frusomide

Remove fluid from the lungs / heart | Diuretic

Dexamethasone

Steroid - allergic reaction

Propofol

Status epilepticus

Glycerol trinitrate

Remove fluid on the lungs, vasodilator

Crystalloid

Dehydration | Vomiting and diarrhoea

Colloid

Hypovolaemia

Mannitol

Decrease intracranial pressure

Blood transfusion equipment

``` Big catheter Warm bath @ 37 degrees Filter Blood pump Restraint Sedative Clock Monitoring sheet Burette Clippers Tape A patient Collection bag with preservative ```

Blood transfusion criteria

``` Over 25kg lean body weight Healthy Good temperament Vaccinated On no meds 1-8yr old Never travelled abroad Full health check ```

Blood transfusion conditions

``` Thrombocytopenia Heamophilia Non-regenerative anaemia Von willebrands Surgical bleed Trauma Rat poison ```

Clinical signs blood transfusion

``` Increase in temperature Increase in resp and heart rate Restless Vomit Odeama Hives Seizures ```

Prep for Emesis

``` Apimorphine, water with mustard Bucket Antiemetic Needle, syringe Gloves ```

Demulcent prep

``` Neutralises acidic ph Milk Egg Antepsin Honey ```

Absorbants

Charcoal Pumpkin Bka granuals Koalin

Bee sting

Bicarbonate soda

Wasp sting

Vinegar

Emesis contraindicated in

Acidic and sharp objects Paraquat Needle

Anticoagulant rat bate treatment

Plasma transfusion Vit k suppliment Activated charcoal Fluids

Ethylene glycol

Ethanol works by stopping kidneys from processing other things so it can focus on processing the ethylene glycol

Theobromine clinical signs | Treatment

``` Tachycardia Vomit Restless Seizures Cardiac arrhythmia ``` Activated charcoal Emesis Fluids Gut protectants

Paracetomol clinical signs

Muddy mmc Cyanosis Vomit D+

Nsaid overdose signs

Liver and kidney failure | Vomit and d+

Lilium spp clinical signs

``` Affects cats Acute kidney injurt Pupd Ulcers around face Vomit D+ ```

Time for emesis

2 hours

Contact

Poison hotline

Enteral vs parenteral

In digestive system | Injections

Blood pressure

Measures blood against vessel wall

``` Blood pressure <90 90-120 50-90 160-180 >180 ```

Hypotension, heart failure, hypovolaemia, shock Systolic Diastolic Stress Hypertension, hyperthyroidism, chronic heart failure

``` P wave Pr interval Pr segment Qrs T wave ```

``` Pacemaker Time takes Links Contraction Relaxation ```

Triage

Assess a condition to prioritise pulmonary arrest