ECC Flashcards
Life threatening
Immediate attention
Minor
Breathing, blood, gdv
Fracture, allergery, cut
Gastric upset
What is shock?
Different types of shock
A state of insufficient blood flow to tissues Cardiogenic Hypovolaemic Obstructive Distrubutive
Resp disorders
Stridor
Stertorous
Upper airway disorder
Noise on insp
Noise on exp
Causes of seizures
Trauma Brain tumours Epilepsy Bacterial/viral infections Chiari Idiopathic Distemper Lung worm Hypoglycaemia, hypocalaemia, hypokaleamia Toxin ingestion PSS
Nursing considerations for seizures
Dim the lights Quiet kennel Padded kennel Check bladder Draw up and administer meds under vet direction Turn every 4 hours if recumbent Check sight and hearing Record fits
Grand mal
One big seizure in which the patient can’t come out of it unless drugs are on board
Petite mal
Small cluster of seizures but will come out of them on their own. twitchy
Tonic
Tensed muscles with No relaxation period
Clonic
Tense body with periods of relaxation
3 meds for seizures
Diazepam
Propofol
Phenobaribtal
First aid…
Preserves life
Relieves pain and suffering
Prevents deterioration
Abc performed over
30 seconds
Cardiac arrest how to help
Cardiac massage Deliver IPPV Record everything thats happening Draw up meds Gather equipment
What happened? When it happened? Has it happened before? Are we on any medication? Age and breed of the patient?
Asses gait Paresis Plegia Quad, para, hemi Hypermetric
Weakening of body part
Loss of voluntary function of a body part
4, back, side
Exaggerated limb movements
Mentation Alert Obtunded Stuporous Coma
Mentally dull
Semi-concious but responds to stimulus
Unconscious
Cardio pulmonary arrest
3 minute emergency
Neurological features
Strabismus
Aniscoria
Horners syndrome
Abnormal position of the eye ball
Aysmmetrical pupil
Constriction of the pupil and flaccid eyelids
Other neurological features to look at
Head tilt Nystagmus Head press Circling Palpebral reflex Pupil size, light reflex Gag reflex Anal tone
Proprioceptive position (spinal reflex)
Limb awareness looking at effort in correcting it if they can move ok
Placing response (spinal reflex)
Ability to percieve its body position when in stance
Hopping reaction (spinal reflex)
Support body when limb is lofted of the floor by hopping
Hemi walking (spinal reflex)
Life legs off floor one side of body and see if will support body by shifting weight
Extensor rigidity
Rigid contractions of extensor muscles
Opisthotonus
Neck held in extension with top of head directed towards mid back region
Miosis
Constriction of pupil
Epilepsy
Disorganised electrical activity of the brain
Convulsions
Violent, un-cooordinated contraction of muscles due to abnormal cerebral stimulation
Status epilepticus
State when fit/convulsions are continous
Indwelling catheter can be left for
Cephalic
Jugular
3 days
7 days
What is cut down
Cutting the top layer of skin in order to access the vein in severe dehydrated patients
Flush blockage catheter with
Heparinised saline
Drops/ml standard
20
60 paediatric
Burette
Chamber for set amount of fluids
Patient interference prevention
Cone
Sock
Bandage
Over-the-needle vs butterfly
Butterfly is sherper and more likely to cause trauma to the vein such as phlebitis. Butterfly is harder to keep in place.
Contraindications of catheters
Aggressive patient
Clotting disorder - jugular
If patient cant be monitored 24/7
Fracture in a certain leg - dont use a fractured leg
Why place catheters
Meds
Blood transfusion
Collect blood
Parenteral nutrition
Burn vs scald
Burn dry heat
Scald wet chemical
Treatment of a burn
Run under cold water for 10 minutes
Non adhesive dressing and wrap in cling film with damp wet towel on top.
Fluids, analgesia, buster collar and cream
Items in a crash box
Tape Catheters Et tube Laryngoscope Thermometer Stethoscope
Adrenaline
Restarts the heart
Atropine
Speeds up the heart and corrects rhythm if patient has brady arrhythmia
Lidocaine
Correct cardiac arrhythmia
Local GA
Diazepam
Halts seizure activity
Calcium gluconate 10%
Hypocalaemia
Dextrose solution 10%
Hypoglycemia
Frusomide
Remove fluid from the lungs / heart
Diuretic
Dexamethasone
Steroid - allergic reaction
Propofol
Status epilepticus
Glycerol trinitrate
Remove fluid on the lungs, vasodilator
Crystalloid
Dehydration
Vomiting and diarrhoea
Colloid
Hypovolaemia
Mannitol
Decrease intracranial pressure
Blood transfusion equipment
Big catheter Warm bath @ 37 degrees Filter Blood pump Restraint Sedative Clock Monitoring sheet Burette Clippers Tape A patient Collection bag with preservative
Blood transfusion criteria
Over 25kg lean body weight Healthy Good temperament Vaccinated On no meds 1-8yr old Never travelled abroad Full health check
Blood transfusion conditions
Thrombocytopenia Heamophilia Non-regenerative anaemia Von willebrands Surgical bleed Trauma Rat poison
Clinical signs blood transfusion
Increase in temperature Increase in resp and heart rate Restless Vomit Odeama Hives Seizures
Prep for Emesis
Apimorphine, water with mustard Bucket Antiemetic Needle, syringe Gloves
Demulcent prep
Neutralises acidic ph Milk Egg Antepsin Honey
Absorbants
Charcoal
Pumpkin
Bka granuals
Koalin
Bee sting
Bicarbonate soda
Wasp sting
Vinegar
Emesis contraindicated in
Acidic and sharp objects
Paraquat
Needle
Anticoagulant rat bate treatment
Plasma transfusion
Vit k suppliment
Activated charcoal
Fluids
Ethylene glycol
Ethanol works by stopping kidneys from processing other things so it can focus on processing the ethylene glycol
Theobromine clinical signs
Treatment
Tachycardia Vomit Restless Seizures Cardiac arrhythmia
Activated charcoal
Emesis
Fluids
Gut protectants
Paracetomol clinical signs
Muddy mmc
Cyanosis
Vomit
D+
Nsaid overdose signs
Liver and kidney failure
Vomit and d+
Lilium spp clinical signs
Affects cats Acute kidney injurt Pupd Ulcers around face Vomit D+
Time for emesis
2 hours
Contact
Poison hotline
Enteral vs parenteral
In digestive system
Injections
Blood pressure
Measures blood against vessel wall
Blood pressure <90 90-120 50-90 160-180 >180
Hypotension, heart failure, hypovolaemia, shock
Systolic
Diastolic
Stress
Hypertension, hyperthyroidism, chronic heart failure
P wave Pr interval Pr segment Qrs T wave
Pacemaker Time takes Links Contraction Relaxation
Triage
Assess a condition to prioritise pulmonary arrest
