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AWS Architect Associate > EC2 - Solutions Architect Associate Level > Flashcards

EC2 - Solutions Architect Associate Level Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two IP types?

A

IPv4 & IPv6

IPv4: 1.160.10.240
IPv6: 1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf

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2
Q

Public IP

A

IP that is accessible over the internet

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3
Q

Private IP

A

Is IP within a private Network (e.g. company) and ONLY the machines inside that network can talk to each other

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4
Q

Internet Gateway (Public)

A

Allows machines in a private network to communicate with machines (servers) outside of that private network using the internet.

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5
Q

What does a Public IP need to be across the whole web?

A

Unique - no two machines can have the same public IP

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6
Q

Can public IP be geo-located easily?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Private IP uiniqueness

A

Needs to be unique within its private network

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8
Q

Can two different private networks (two companies) have the same IPs?

A

Yes - Machine 1 from Network A can have the same IP as Machine 1 from Network B

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9
Q

What do machines in a private network need to access the public internet?

A

NAT (network address translation) & Internet gateway (proxy)

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10
Q

What is a Network Address Translation (NAT)

A

A way to map multiple private IPs inside a local network to a public IP address before transferring the information onto the internet

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11
Q

True/False - Only a specified range of IPs can be used as private IP

A

True

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12
Q

What happens when you stop and start an EC2 instance?

A

It’s IP can change

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13
Q

What is an elastic IP?

A

It is a fixed public IP - an IPv4 IP you own as long as you do not delete it

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14
Q

Can you attach an Elastic IP to many instances at a time?

A

No - only to one

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15
Q

How many Elastic IP’s can you have in your AWS acc?

A

5 (can ask for more)

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16
Q

What can you do with Elastic IPs when a failure of an instance/software occurs?

A

Rapidly remap the address to another instance in your account

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17
Q

What does your EC2 machine come with automatically when created?

A

Public & Private IP

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18
Q

Can you use a private IP when SSH?

A

No - only public IP

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19
Q

What are Placement Groups?

A

It is a way of using an EC2 placement Strategy within an AZ

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20
Q

What do you specify when you create a placement group?

A

The strategy you want
i.e.
Cluster
Spread
Partition

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21
Q

What is the Cluster Strategy of a Placement Group?

A

Cluster instances into a low-latency group in a single AZ

22
Q

What is the Spread Strategy of a Placement Group?

A

Spread instances across underlying hardware (max 7 instances per group per AZ) - for critical apps

23
Q

What is the Partition Strategy of a Placement Group?

A

Spread instances across many different partitions (which rely on different sets of racks) within an AZ. Scales to 100s of EC2 instances per group.

Good for Hadoop, Cassandra, Kafka

24
Q

What is the Cluster Placement Group Architecture?

A

All EC2 instances are on the same Rack (hardware) and are all in the same AZ

25
Q

What are the Pros of having a Cluster Placement Group?

A

Great Network (10 Gbps bandwidth between instances)
Low latency

26
Q

Cons of using a Cluster Placement Group?

A

If the rack fails, all instances fail at the same time

27
Q

Use cases of Cluster Placement Groups?

A

Big Data job that need to be completed fast
Apps that require low latency and high network throughput

28
Q

Spread Placement Group Architecture

A

You minimise the risk by locating all EC2 instances on different hardware (racks) across multiple AZs

29
Q

Pros of Spread Placement Group Architecture

A

Span across AZ
Reduced risk in simultaneous failure
Instances are on different physical hardware

30
Q

Cons of using Spread Placement Group Architecture

A

Limited to 7 instances per AZ per placement group

31
Q

Use Case of Spread Placement Group

A

Application that needs to maximise high availability
Critical Applications where each instance must be isolated from failure from each other

32
Q

Architecture of Partition Placements Group

A

You can have 2 partitions in AZ 1 and another partition in AZ 2. Each partition (rack) has many EC2 instances.

33
Q

Pros of Partition Placement Groups

A

Up to 7 partitions (racks) per AZ
Span across multiple AZ in the same region
Up to 100s of EC2 instances
Instances in one partition do not share the same rack with another partition
Failure is isolated to each partition
EC2 instances get access to the partition information as metadata

34
Q

Use cases of Partition Placement Groups

A

Big Data Applications i.e.

HDFS, HBase, Cassandra, Kafka

35
Q

What is an Elastic Network Interface (ENI)

A

Logical component in a VPC that represents a virtual network card

36
Q

Elastic Network Interface (ENI) attributes

A

Primary private IPv4, one or more secondary IPv4
One elastic IP (IPv4) per private IPv4
One Public IPv4
One or more sec groups
A MAC address

37
Q

Can ENI be created independently and attached on the fly on EC2 instances?

A

Yes

38
Q

What is the benefit of attaching an ENI to an EC2 instance on the fly?

A

Helps with failover

39
Q

Are ENI global?

A

No - they are bound to specific AZ

40
Q

Why would you move an ENI?

A

In case of a fail over

41
Q

If you have an ENI created with an EC2 instance and then you delete the EC2 instance, what happens to the ENI?

A

It also gets deleted/terminated

42
Q

What happens to the EBS volume if you STOP the EC2?

A

It is kept intact

43
Q

What happens to the EBS volume if you TERMINATE the EC2?

A

It gets deleted

44
Q

What happens when you Hibernate an EC2 instead of stopping/terminating?

A

RAM Memory state is preserved
Instance boot is much faster

Just goes to sleep

45
Q

What happens to RAM of the EC2 when it hibernates?

A

It gets written into the EBS volume - meaning it needs to be encrypted and have enough space for the RAM to be written

46
Q

Hybernation architecture/process

A

You have an EC2 with Ram and EBS volume (encrypted

You hibernate, the RAM pops into the EBS, and the EC2 instance is stopped.

Then when you start again, the RAM goes back into the EC2

47
Q

Use cases of Hibernation

A

Long running processes
Saving RAM state
Services that take time to initialise

48
Q

Hibernation good to know

A

Supports lots of instances
Must be less than 150GB RAM
Not support bare metal
Root volume EBS must be encrypted
Available on demand, reserved, spot instances

49
Q

How long can an EC2 instance be hibernated for?

A

No more than 60 days

50
Q

Which EC2 Placement Group should you choose if you have a critical application hosted on a fleet of instances in which you want to achieve a maximum availability when there is an AZ failure?

A

Spread Placement Group - spread your instances on different physical hardware across different AZs

AWS Architect Associate (15 decks)

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