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AWS Solutions Architect > EC2 - Purchasing Options > Flashcards

EC2 - Purchasing Options Flashcards

Understand the different purchasing options for EC2 Instances

1
Q

List all available EC2 Instance purchasing options

A

On Demand
Reserved Instance
Convertible Reserved Instance
Savings Plans
Spot Instances
Dedicated Hosts
Dedicated Instances
Capacity Reservations

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2
Q

What use cases would On-Demand Instances be useful for?

A

Short-term and un-interrupted workloads, where you cannot predict how the application will behave

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3
Q

What are the billing options for On-Demand Instances?

A

Linux or Windows are billed per second after the first minute.

All other OS’s are billed per hour

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4
Q

What purchasing option has the highest cost but no upfront payment?

A

On Demand

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5
Q

Is there a long-term commitment for On Demand Instances?

A

No. You only pay for what you use.

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6
Q

How are Reserved Instances priced in comparison to On Demand?

A

They are heavily discounted. Can be up to 72%

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7
Q

What are the instance attributes that are reserved for Reserved Instances?

A

Instance Type (e.g. General purpose, compute optimised)
Region
Tenancy (Host, Dedicated, Default)
OS

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8
Q

What is the reservation period for Reserved Instances?

A

1 or 3 years. 3 years have a greater discount applied.

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9
Q

What are the payment options for Reserved Instances?

A

No upfront, partially upfront and all upfront. With greater discounts being applied based on how large of an upfront payment there is.

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10
Q

What use cases are Reserved Instances recommended for?

A

They are recommended long workloads and steady-state usage applications e.g. databases

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11
Q

What is the name of the marketplace where you can buy and sell Reserved Instances?

A

Reserved Instance Marketplace

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12
Q

What two ways does a Convertible Reserved Instance differ from a standard RI?

A
  1. You can change the EC2 Instance type, family, OS, scope and tenancy.
  2. You get less of a discount (up to 66% compared to On-Demand). This is because of the additional flexibility.
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13
Q

What are the scopes you can set for a Reserved Instance?

A

Regional or Zonal (Reserve capacity in an AZ)

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14
Q

How are EC2 Savings Plans discounted?

A

They are discounted based on long term usage (up to 72% compared to On-Demand)

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15
Q

Which purchasing option requires you to commit to a certain type of usage? (e.g. $10/hour for 1 year)

A

Savings Plans

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16
Q

At what price will any usage beyond the limit for the Savings Plans be set to?

A

Any additional usage will be billed at the On Demand price

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17
Q

What two instance attributes are locked for EC2 Savings Plans?

A
  1. Instance family (e.g. M5)
  2. Region
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18
Q

What three instance attributes are flexible for EC2 Savings Plans?

A
  1. Instance Size (e.g. m5xlarge, m5.2xlarge)
  2. OS (e.g. Linux, Windows)
    Tenancy (host, Dedicated, Default)
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19
Q

What Purchasing Option has the highest discount in comparison to On-Demand?

A

Spot Instances (up to 90%)

20
Q

What must you set for Spot Instances?

A

A max price

21
Q

Why might your Spot Instance be stopped or terminated? And how long is the grace period?

A

If the max price is less than the current spot price.

The grace period is 2 minutes.

22
Q

What is the most cost efficient Instance purchasing option?

A

Spot Instances

23
Q

What workloads are Spot Instances useful for? Provide some examples

A

Useful for workloads that are resilient to failure. Examples are:

Batch jobs
Data analysis
Image processing
Any distributed workloads
Workloads with a flexible start and end time

24
Q

What use cases are NOT suitable for Spot Instances?

A

Not suitable for critical jobs or databases

25
Q

Which purchasing option provides a physical server with EC2 instance capacity fully dedicated to your use?

A

Dedicated Hosts

26
Q

What are the two problems that Dedicated Hosts solve

A
  1. Compliance requirements i.e. companies that have strong regulatory or compliance needs
  2. Allows companies to use existing server-bound software licenses (per-socket, per-core, per-VM software licenses)
27
Q

What are the purchasing options for dedicated hosts?

A

On-Demand - Pay per second for active Dedicated Host

Reserved - 1 or 3 years ( No Upfront, Partial Upfront, All Upfront)

28
Q

What is the most expensive purchasing option and why?

A

Dedicated Hosts because you are renting out a physical server that is reserved for your company’s use only.

29
Q

How does Dedicated Instances differ from Dedicated Hosts?

A
  1. Instances run on hardware that’s dedicated to you and not the entire server.
30
Q

Can you control the instance placement for dedicated instances?

A

No

31
Q

True or False? For Dedicated instances, you may share hardware with other instances in the same account?

A

True

32
Q

What is Capacity Reservation?

A

Where you reserve On-Demand instance capacity in a specific AZ for any duration

33
Q

True or False? You always have access to EC2 Capacity Reservations whenever you need it

A

True. You can reserve the capacity for any duration

34
Q

True or False? There is a specific time commitment set for EC2 Capacity Reservations.

A

False. There is no time commitment and you can create/cancel instances within the capacity stated at any time.

35
Q

At what price point are you charged for EC2 Capacity Reservations?

A

Charged at On-Demand rate whether you run instances or not. No billing discounts.

36
Q

How can you gain billing discounts for Capacity reservations?

A

Combine with reserved instances and savings plans as capacity reservations are not discounted.

37
Q

What use cases are Capacity Reservations suitable for?

A

Suitable for short-term, uninterrupted workloads that need to be in a specific AZ.

38
Q

How frequently does the spot price vary and why?

A

Varies hourly and this is due to capacity

39
Q

What is included in the Spot request when trying to create Spot Instances? List 5

A

Maximum price
Desired number of instances
Launch specification
When the request is valid from/until
Request type (one-time or persistent)

40
Q

When can you cancel Spot Instance requests?

A

When the request is either open, active or disabled

41
Q

Why must you cancel a spot request before terminating the spot instance?

A

If the spot request is set to persistent, more spot instances will be created to replace the ones that were terminated based on the desired number of instances set.

42
Q

What are spot fleets?

A

They are set of spot instances as well as optional on-demand instances. It will try to meet the target capacity based on the price constraints that are set.

43
Q

What are defined by the admin for the launch pools?

A

The instance type, OS, availability zone

44
Q

True or False? You can have multiple launch pools. (Give a reason)

A

True. This is so the spot fleet can choose the most appropriate launch pool based on the allocation strategy.

45
Q

When do spot fleets stop launching instances?

A

Whenever the instance capacity or max price is reached.

46
Q

What are the different spot fleet allocation strategies and their benefits?

A

LowestPrice: Allocated from the pool with the lowest price (best for cost optimisation and short workloads)

Diversified: Distributed across all defined pools (great for availability and long workloads)

CapacityOptimised: Pool with the optimal capacity for the number of instances

PriceCapacityOptimised (recommended for most workloads): Pools with the highest capacity available, then select the pool with the lowest price.

47
Q

What are the benefits of using a spot fleet over a spot request?

A

Can get extra savings based on the allocation strategy set

AWS Solutions Architect (13 decks)

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