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AWS Certified Solution Architect Associate > EC2 Fundamental > Flashcards

EC2 Fundamental Flashcards

1
Q

What is budget

A

A way to cap the usage of services in AWS

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2
Q

What are the variations of budget

A

Cost, Usage, Reservation and Savings Plan

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3
Q

What is budget threshold

A

The percentage of forecast, exceeding which a notification is triggered

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4
Q

What are core 4 services of EC2

A

VM (EC2), Storing Data on Virtual Drive (EBS), Distributing Load Across VM (ELB) and Scaling Service using Auto - Scaling Group (ASG)

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5
Q

Which OS can you select for EC2

A

Linux, Windows and Mac

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6
Q

Can you choose compute power

A

Yes, via CPU

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7
Q

Can you choose RAM

A

Yes

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8
Q

What are the storage options

A

Network Based & Instance Based

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9
Q

What are network based store

A

EBS & EFS

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10
Q

Can you select the network card for EC2

A

Yes

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11
Q

What are security groups

A

Firewall rules

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12
Q

What is Bootstrap script

A

The start up script for EC2, that runs once at start up

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13
Q

How many instance types are there

A

7

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14
Q

In the expression m5.2Xlarge what m means

A

instance class

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15
Q

In the expression m5.2Xlarge what 5 means

A

generation

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16
Q

In the expression m5.2Xlarge what 2Xlarge means

A

size within the instance class

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17
Q

what are the things that security group restricts

A

ports, IP (from where the instance is accessed), inbound traffic and outbound traffic

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18
Q

can one security group be attached to multiple instances?

A

yes

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19
Q

can a security group belong to multiple VPC in same region

A

no

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20
Q

can a security group belong to multiple region

A

no

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21
Q

inbound traffic are allowed by default - true/false

A

false

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22
Q

outbound traffic are allowed by default - true/false

A

true

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23
Q

what is 22 port for

A

SSH

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24
Q

what is 21 port for

A

FTP

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25
Q

what is `22 port also used for

A

SFTP

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26
Q

what is 80 used for

A

HTTP

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27
Q

what is 443 used for

A

HTTPS

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28
Q

what is 3389 used for

A

remote desktop protocol for windows

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29
Q

can a security group refer other security groups

A

yes

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30
Q

what is EC2 Instance Connect

A

browser based instance connectivity option

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31
Q

what type of OS are supported by EC2 Instance Connect

A

Linux

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32
Q

can we block port 22 and still use EC2 Instance Connect to SSH to the machine

A

no

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33
Q

should you use IAM access key and secret key inside a VM to be able to other VM

A

no, this is dangerous, use IAM role instead

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34
Q

how can one EC2 connect with AWS services

A

using IAMrole

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35
Q

how many instance purchase options are there

A

5

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36
Q

what are the options

A

on - demand, reserved, dedicated - host, spot, dedicated - instance

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37
Q

which option is best suited for short - term, unpredictable work load

A

on - demand

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38
Q

on - demand (non - linux) instances are billed per minute - TRUE/FALSE

A

FALSE, they are billed per hour

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39
Q

what is the billing option for linux machines

A

billing per second after the first minute

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40
Q

how much max discount is available for reserved instances

A

75%

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41
Q

what are the reservation periods

A

1 to 3 years

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42
Q

what are the purchasing options for reserved instances

A

no upfront, partial upfront, all upfront

43
Q

can you change instance type of reserved instance

A

yes (for convertible reserved instances)

44
Q

what is scheduled reserved instances

A

the one which can be launched during the prescheduled time period

45
Q

what is max discount for spot instances

46
Q

when can a spot instance be consumed back by aws

A

when you are not willing to pay for current price of the spot instance

47
Q

what kind of work load is suitable for spot instances

A

batch jobs, data analysis, image processing, any distributed workload

48
Q

what is a dedicated host

A

a physical server to host ec2 instances leased to the user for at least 3 years

49
Q

what are the benefits of dedicated host

A
  • regulatory compliance
  • bring your own license
50
Q

what are the similarities between dedicated host and dedicated instances

A
  1. both enables availing of dedicated physical server
  2. both supports automatic instance placement
51
Q

what are the core differences between dedicated host and dedicated instances

A
  1. dedicated instances all run on same physical server tied to an account with per instance billing, on the other hand dedicated hosts are billed per host.
  2. dedicated host gives lot of control on the physical server attributes
52
Q

how does spot instance mechanism works

A

when current_spot_price is < max price that user is ready to pay, the instances either gets terminated or stopped based on chosen configuration

53
Q

what is a spot block

A

spot block is a predefined period when the instances will not be consumed despite of the current spot price becoming lesser than max price that one has agreed to pay

54
Q

what is a spot request

A

spot request is a way to ask for spot instances

55
Q

what comprises of spot requet

A
  1. maximum price
  2. desired number of instances
  3. launch specification
  4. request type (one time/persistent)
  5. valid from and valid to
56
Q

what happens with persistent spot request

A

if the instances are consumed back, they are brought up automatically by aws

57
Q

what is one time spot request

A

a way to get spot instances one off

58
Q

does canceling a spot request terminate the requests as well

59
Q

which states of spot instance support cancellation

A

active, disabled, and open

60
Q

what is spot fleet

A

a combination of spot instances and (optional) on - demand instances

61
Q

what are launch pools for spot fleet

A

set of combinations of instance type, availability zone and OS

62
Q

can the spot fleet choose a pool

63
Q

when does spot fleet stops launching

A

either after reaching max capacity or budget

64
Q

what are strategies for spot fleet

A

lowest price, capacity optimized and diversified

65
Q

what is lowest price strategy

A

provision instances from the pool with lowest price

66
Q

what is capacity optimzed

A

provision instances from the pool with optimal capacity for the number of instances

67
Q

what is ‘diversified’ approach for spot fleet instances

A

the instances are provisioned across available pools, thereby gurantying higher availability

68
Q

Which EC2 Purchasing Option can provide you the biggest discount, but it is not suitable for critical jobs or databases?

A

Spot Instances are good for short workloads and this is the cheapest EC2 Purchasing Option. But, they are less reliable because you can lose your EC2 instance.

69
Q

What should you use to control traffic in and out of EC2 instances?

A

Security Group

70
Q

How long can you reserve an EC2 Reserved Instance?

A

1 or 3 years

71
Q

You would like to deploy a High-Performance Computing (HPC) application on EC2 instances. Which EC2 instance type should you choose?

A

Compute Optimized

72
Q

Which EC2 Purchasing Option should you use for an application you plan to run on a server continuously for 1 year?

A

Reserved Instances

73
Q

You are preparing to launch an application that will be hosted on a set of EC2 instances. This application needs some software installation and some OS packages need to be updated during the first launch. What is the best way to achieve this when you launch the EC2 instances?

A

Build a script that does all required installations. Then use EC2 User Data to bootstrap your EC2 instances using a bash script. This script can contain commands such as installing software/packages, download files from the Internet, or anything you want.

74
Q

Which EC2 Instance Type should you choose for a critical application that uses an in-memory database?

A

Memory Optimized

75
Q

You have an e-commerce application with an OLTP database hosted on-premises. This application has popularity which results in its database has thousands of requests per second. You want to migrate the database to an EC2 instance. Which EC2 Instance Type should you choose to handle this high-frequency OLTP database?

A

Storage Optimized

76
Q

Security Groups can be attached to only one EC2 instance.

77
Q

You’re planning to migrate on-premises applications to AWS. Your company has strict compliance requirements that require your applications to run on dedicated servers. You also need to use your own server-bound software license to reduce costs. Which EC2 Purchasing Option is suitable for you?

A

Dedicated Host

78
Q

You would like to deploy a database technology on an EC2 instance and the vendor license bills you based on the physical cores and underlying network socket visibility. Which EC2 Purchasing Option allows you to get visibility into them?

A

Dedicated Host

79
Q

what are the key differences between public and private ip

A

public ip is exposed over internet vs. private ip needs NAT and IG to expose

public ip can be geo located vs. private ip can not

public ip is never duplicated vs. private ip (within a network) can

80
Q

what are private IP ranges

A
  • Class A: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
  • Class B: 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
  • Class C: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
81
Q

what is elastic ip

A

elastic ip are those public ip assigned to VMs as long as the VMs are not destroyed

82
Q

what is placement group

A

a set of strategies to control how the EC2 instances are placed on AWS hardware

83
Q

what are 3 typical placement groups

A

cluster, spread and partition

84
Q

what is cluster placement group

A

all EC2 instances stays on same rack of same AZ

85
Q

what is the pros and cons of cluster placement group

A

pros - very low network latency; cons - single point of failure

86
Q

what is spread placement group

A

all EC2 instance stays on different availability zone

87
Q

what are benefit of spread placement group

A

pros - highly available; cons - there can be 7 instances per placement group per availability zone

88
Q

what is partition placement group

A

partition placement group is a technique where each instances belong to a partition (i.e. a physical rack), across multiple AZ within the same region

89
Q

how many partition placement group can be placed per availability zone

90
Q

what is the core benefit of partition placement group

A

because of the fact that instances do not share racks the risk of failure is very low

91
Q

what is elastic network interfaces

A

logical component in a VPC that represents virtual network card

92
Q

can ENI have multiple private IPs

93
Q

how many elastic ip can be associated per private ip

94
Q

how many security groups can be associated with a ENI

95
Q

does ENI has a MAC address

96
Q

can ENI be attached on the fly

97
Q

can ENI span across multiple availability zones

98
Q

what is hibernate option in EC2

A

this is a mechanism where the entire state of RAM is written to a file in root partition, so that even when the machine is stopped and restarted, the OS can be put back to where it was at last state

99
Q

is hibernation supported for all instance family

A

no, there are only selected few - the C, M and R series are the one being used

100
Q

what is the maximum size of instance RAM

101
Q

is hibernation supported on Bare Metal

102
Q

what is the characteristic of the ROOT volume

A

it must be EBS backed, encrypted, non - instance store and significantly large

103
Q

how long instances can be hibernated

A

not more than 60 days

AWS Certified Solution Architect Associate (3 decks)

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