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AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Learn Cantrill Course > EC2 Basics > Flashcards

EC2 Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Virtualization

A

The process of running more than one OS on a piece of physical hardware

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2
Q

What is an EC2 Instance ?

A

virtual machines (os + Resources)

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3
Q

Ec2 Host

A

where the EC2 instance runs from shared Host or dedicated Hosts

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4
Q

Name at least 3 things EC2 instances are good for ?

A

traditional os and application compute

long-runing computer

server style applications

either burst or steady-state loads

monolithic applications statcks

migration application or disaster recovery

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5
Q

EC2 Categories and When they would be used?

A

General Purpose - Default Diverse workloads, equal resource ratio

computer optimized - Media processing, HPC, scientific modeling, gaming, Machine Learning

Memory optimized - Processing Large in-memory datasets, some database workloads

Accelerated Computing - Hardware GPU, field programmable gate array(FPGAs)

storage optimized - sequential and random 10- scale-out transactional databases, data warehousing, Elastic Search, analytics workloads

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6
Q

Direct(Local) attached Storage on EC2 instance

A

attached storage on EC2 Host

cons if the disk,hardware,dails the storage can be lost if the EC2 instances moves between Host the storage can be lost

pros really fast

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7
Q

Network attached storage

A

EBS volumes delivered over network

highly resilient and separate from the instance hardware

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8
Q

Ephemeral storage

A

Temporary storage

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9
Q

Persistent Storage

A

Permanent storage - lives on past the lifetime of the instance

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10
Q

Block storage Volume

A

presented to the os as a collection of block no structure provided it can be mounted and os can be booted from it

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11
Q

File storage

A

presented as a file share has structure mountable but not bootable

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12
Q

Object storage (S3)

A

collection of objects flat not mountable not bootable

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13
Q

How is storage performance calculated?

A

IO x IOPS = Throughput

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14
Q

Block Storage

A

raw disk allocation (volume) can be encrypted using KMS

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15
Q

What does an EC2 instance do with a block storage device

A

instances see block device and create file systems on the device

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16
Q

What is the resiliency of EBS volumes ?

A

EBS is provisioned in one AZ and resilient in that AZ

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17
Q

When an EC2 instance is terminated is the EBS volume attached to that instance terminated ?

A

EBS is not lifecycle linked to one instance it’s persistent

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18
Q

And EC2 instance was terminated with an EBS volume and not you want to replace that instance could the volume be attached to the new instance?

A

yes EBS volumes can be detached and rethatched to any instance

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19
Q

How is EBS volumes billed ?

A

billed based on GB-month (and some cases performance)

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20
Q

Names all the EBS Volume Types

A

EBS - General Purpose SSD GP2

EBS-General Purpose SSD GP3

EBS-Provisioned IOPS SSD (iO1 /2 )

EBS- HDD-based

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21
Q

Instance Store Volumes

A

temporary block storage device that is physically connected to one EC2 Host instance on that host can access them highest storage performance in AWS included with instance price attached at launch

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22
Q

What would cause loss of Data in an EC2 instance attached to an instance store ?

A

if an EC2 instance moves between hosts

if the instance is stopped and started , or if instance type is changed, or hardware failure

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23
Q

Types of EC2 instances with instance store ?

A

D3 - 4.6gb/s throughput

i3 - 16gb/second of sequential throughput

more IOPs and throughput vs EBS

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24
Q

If persistence is a priority what would you choose Instance store vs EBS

A

EBS

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25
Q

If resilience is a priority what would you choose Instance store vs EBS

A

EBS

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26
Q

If you want your storage to be isolated from instance lifecycle what would you choose Instance store vs EBS

A

EBS

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27
Q

If you wanted resilience within application and in-built replication what would you choose Instance store vs EBS

A

it depends

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28
Q

If High Performance is a priority what would you choose Instance store vs EBS

A

it depends

29
Q

If super high performance is needed what would you choose Instance store vs EBS

A

instance store

30
Q

If cost is a priority what would you choose Instance store vs EBS

A

instance store because it’s included with the instance

31
Q

What EBS volumes would you use if cost was priority ?

A

EBS HDD STI or SCI

32
Q

What EBS volumes would you use if you need to boot EC2 instance from that volume is ?

A

Not ST1 or SC1

your not able to boot EC2 instances from EBS HDD based volumes

33
Q

Max performance for GP 2/ 3

A

16,000 IOPS

34
Q

Max performance for IO 1/ 2

A

up to 64,000 or 256,000 if using IO2 block express with a larger instance type

35
Q

RAID0 set plus EBS Max performance

A

you can combines EBS volumes and create a RAID0 set which could give you a combined performance for up tp 260,00 IOPs (IO 1/ 2 - BE/GP 2/ 3)

36
Q

What options would you have if your need more performance that 260,000 IOPS

A

instance store

37
Q

Explain How EBS snapshots work ?

A

snapshots are incremental volumes copies to s2

the first is full copy of ‘data on the volume ’

future snaps are incremental

38
Q

What is the biggest benefit of EBS snapshot

A

volumes can be create (restored) from snapshots

39
Q

How would you create a volume from a snapshot in a different region than where you created the snapshot ?

A

snapshots can be copied to another region

40
Q

You just created an EBS volume snapshot and shortly after your EC2 instance failed would you be able to restore that instance with the snapshot you created ? if yes how is this done and how is performance effected?

A

yes, your snapshot would be available but snaps are restore lazily fetched gradually

which could cause degrade performance because they are return from s3 bucket until they are requested then they are restored

requested blocks are fetched immediately you could perform a force read of all data immediately via OS using DD

41
Q

How would you perform an immediate restore from a EBS snapshot?

A

Fast snapshot Restore(FSR)

42
Q

Is there any limit to how many snapshots you can create ?

A

up to 50 snaps per region

43
Q

How are Snaps shots billed ?

A

GB per month charge and you are charged for used data not allocated data

44
Q

How can you remove the encryption from an encrypted EBS volume ?

A

you can’t but you can in theory mount an non-Encrypted volume to the same instance and copy that data across but you can’t unencrypted an EBS Volume once encrypted

45
Q

Is there any performance loss when an EBS volume is encrypted

A

os isn’t aware of the encryption so there is no performance loss

46
Q

Could you enable encryption on all EBS volumes ?

A

yes, accounts can be sett to encrypt by default which would user default CMK or chosen CMK

47
Q

You have two volumes on which you enabled encryption on would they use the same data encryption Key (CMK)?

A

no Each volume has it’s own unique DEK

48
Q

If you have a Encrypted EBS Volume and make a snapshot or restore from a snap shot would the resulting EBS volume or snapshot use the same key as the original Encrypted EBS Volume ?

A

yes they would use the same DEK

49
Q

Elastic Network Interface

A

What security groups, mac address and IPS are attached to controls networking

50
Q

Amazon Machine Image (AMI)

A

A template for launching EC2 instances

51
Q

Does an AMI contain the boot volumes to be used in an Instance ? and if so How is it store the data ?

A

No, AMI contain a reference to snapshots that are created from the original EBS volumes. AMI doesn’t contain any data themselves they can be considered a container.

52
Q

Can you create an AMI in one region and use it in another ? If Not how can you?

A

no, AMI are region linked only works in the region it was created. But they can be copied from one region to another.

53
Q

It possible to change an AMI once it’s been created ? and if not how can you?

A

An AMi can’t be edited you can launch an instance and update configuration and make a new AMI

54
Q

Defualt permissions for AMI ?

A

just your account

55
Q

What is the cost for an AMI?

A

the snapshots that were created when creating AMI

56
Q

EC2 Purchase option -On Demand

A

Per-second billing while instance is running. Resources like storage consumed capacity and disk are billed regardless of instance state.

57
Q

What are EC2 Purchase option -On Demand good for ?

A

short term Workloads, unknown workloads and Apps which can’t be interrupted

58
Q

EC2 Purchase option -Spot

A

spot pricing is AWS selling unused EC2 host capacity for up to 90% discount spot prices is based on the spare capacity at a given time

59
Q

when would you use EC2 Purchase option -Spot

A

non- time critical anything which can be rerun bursty capacity needs cost sensitive workloads anything which is stateless.

60
Q

EC2 Purchase option - Reserved

A

Reservations are for 1 year or 3 year terms, you pay for the entire term.

3 Payment options :

Partial Upfront Reduced per/s fee

All UpFront means no per second fee

61
Q

EC2 Purchase option - Dedicated Hosts

A

No Instance Charge you pay for Host

capacity management required.

62
Q

EC2 Purchase option- Dedicated Instances

A

You don’t own, or share the host. Extra charges for instances, but dedicated hardware.

63
Q

You have a business that requires and EC2 instance to be continuously running how can you safe guard that EC2 instance ?

A

shutdown, Terminate & Termination Protection

64
Q

What are the two status checks that run on an EC2 instance ?

A

system status check

Instance status check

65
Q

Vertical Scaling

A

moving to a bigger instance

each resize would require a reboot

66
Q

Horizontal Scaling

A

adding more instances

requires application support or off-host sessions

67
Q

Instance Metadata

A

Ec2 service provides data to instance

accessible inside all instances

68
Q

address for accessing EC2 meta-data

A

https://169.254.169.254

AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Learn Cantrill Course (20 decks)

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