EC2 Flashcards

1
Q

___ is a web service that provides resizeable compute capacity in the cloud. It reduces the time required to obtain and boot new server instances to minutes, allowing you to quickly scale capacity, both up and down, as your computiing requirements change.

A

ec2

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2
Q

____ allows you to pay a fixed rate by the hour ( oor by the secnod) with no committment

A

on demand

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3
Q

provides you with a capacity reservationo, and offer a significant discount on the hourly charge for an instance. Contract Terms are 1 year or 3 yeaar terms.

A

reserved

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4
Q

enables you to bid whatever price you want for instance capacity, providing for even greater savings if your apps have flexible start and end times.

A

spot

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5
Q

physical ec2 servers dedicated for your use. they can help you reduce costs by allowing you to use your existing server-bound software licenses.

A

dedicated hosts

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6
Q

users that want the low cost and flexibility of ec2 without any up fronot payment or long term contract will use_____

A

on demand

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7
Q

apps with short term, spiky, or unpredictble workloads thata cannot be interrupted should use ___ ec2

A

on demand

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8
Q

apps being developed or tested on ec2 for the first time should use _____ instances

A

on demand

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9
Q

apps with steady state or predictable usage should use thiss type of instance:

A

reserved

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10
Q

apps that require reserved capacity should use this type of instance

A

reserved

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11
Q

users able to make upfront payments to reduce their total computing costs even further should use this type of instance

A

reserved

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12
Q

These instnaces offer up to 75% off on demand instances. The more you pay uip front nd the longer the contract, the greater the discount.

A

standrd reserved instances

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13
Q

These instances offer up to 54% off on demand capability to change the attributes of the RI as long as the exchaange results in the creation of Reserved Instances of equal or greater value

A

convertible reserved instances

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14
Q

these instances are availble to launch within the time windows you reserve. This option allows you to match your capcaity reservtion to a predictable recurring schedule that only requires a fraction of a day, a week, or a month.

A

scheduled reserved instances

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15
Q

apps that have flexible start and end times uses this type of instance

A

spot pricing

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16
Q

apps that are only feasible at very low compute pricess use this type of intsanace

A

spot pricing

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17
Q

uesrs with urgent computing needs for larage amounts of additional capacity

A

spot pricing

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18
Q

this type of intsance is uesful for regulatory requirementss thaat maay not support multi-tenant virtualization.

A

dedicated hosts

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19
Q

thiss type of intanace is great for licensing which does not support multi-tenacy or cloud deployments.

A

dedicated hosts

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20
Q

this type of instance can be purchased on demand

A

dedicated hosts

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21
Q

Termination protection is turned ___ by default.

A

off

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22
Q

on an ebs backed instance, the default action is for the root ebs volume to be ____ when teh instance i terminated.

A

deleted

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23
Q

EBS Root volumes of your default AMIs ___ be encrypted. You ___ also uses a third party tool (such as bit locker) to encrypt the root volume, or this can be done when creating AMIs in teh AWS console or using the API.

A

can

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24
Q

All ___ traffic is blocked by default

A

inbound

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25
Q

SG

All ____ traffic is allowed

A

outbound

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26
Q

Changes to security groups take effect _____

eventually

immediately

within 1 minute

A

immediately

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27
Q

you an have ____ number of ec2 instances within a security group

A

any

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28
Q

you can have ____ security groups attached to ec2 instances.

A

multiple

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29
Q

security groups are ____

A

stateful

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30
Q

if you create a(n) ___ rule allowing traffic___, that traffic is automatically allowed ___ again.

A

in, in ,out

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31
Q

You cannot block specific IP addresses using security group, instead use ___ ___ ___ ___

A

network access control lists

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32
Q

in SG you can specifically ___ rules, but not ___ rules

A

allow, deny

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33
Q

___ ___ ___ provides persistent block storage volumes for use with ec2 instanaces in aws cloud. each___ volume is automatically replicated within its AZ to protect you from component failure, offering HA and durability.

A

elastic block store

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34
Q

name the 5 types of ebs storage

A

general purpoes (SSD)

provisioned IOPS (SSD)

throughput optimised hard disk drive

cold hard disk drive

magnetic

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35
Q

this type of ebs volume balances price and performance for a wide variety of transactional workloads

A

general purpose ssd

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36
Q

this type of ebs volume is the highest performance SSD volume designed for mission criticaal apps

A

provisionoed iops ssd

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37
Q

this type of ebs volume is low cost hdd volume designed for frequently aaccessed, throughput intensive workloads

A

throughput optimized hdd

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38
Q

this type of ebs volume is designed for less frequently accessed workloads

A

cold hdd

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39
Q

thiss type of ebs volume is a previous generation hdd

A

magnetic

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40
Q

this ebs use case = most work loads

A

general purpose ssd

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41
Q

this ebs use case = databases

A

provisioned iops ssd

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42
Q

this ebs use case = big data and data warehouses

A

throughput optimized hdd

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43
Q

this ebs use case = file servers

A

cold hdd

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44
Q

this ebs use case = workloads where data is infrequently accessed

A

ebs maagnetic

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45
Q

ebs api name for generaal purpose ssd

A

gp2

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46
Q

ebs api name for provisioned iops ssd

A

io1

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47
Q

ebs api name for throughput optimized hdd

A

st1

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48
Q

ebs api name for cold hdd

A

sc1

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49
Q

ebs api name for ebs maagnetic

A

standard

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50
Q

general purpose ssd max iops / volume

A

16,000

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51
Q

provisionied iops ssd max iops / volume

A

64,000

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52
Q

throughput optimized ssd max iops / volume

A

500

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53
Q

cold hdd max iops / volume

A

250

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54
Q

ebs mgnetic max iops / volume

A

40-200

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55
Q

general purpose ssd volume size

A

1GiB - 16 TiB

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56
Q

provisioned iops ssd volume size

A

4GiB-16 TiB

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57
Q

throughput optimized hdd volume size

A

500GiB - 16TiB

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58
Q

Cold HDD volume size

A

500GiB- 16 TiB

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59
Q

EBS Magnetic volume size

A

1 GiB- 1 TiB

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60
Q

volumes exist on ___. THink of ___ as a virtual hard disk.

A

EBS

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61
Q

_____ exist on S3. Think of ___ as a photograph of the disk.

A

snapshots

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62
Q

___ are a point in time ocpies of volumes

A

snapshots

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63
Q

Snapshots are ____ - this means that only the blocks that have changed since your last snapshot are moved to S3.

A

incremental

64
Q

if this is your first snapshot, it may take some time to create

T or F

A

T

65
Q

To create a snapshot for EBS volumes that serve as root devices, you should ___ the isntances before taking the snapshot

A

stop

66
Q

you cannot take a snap while the instance is running

T or F

A

F

You can!

67
Q

You cannot create AMIs from snapshots

A

False

you can!

68
Q

you cannot change EBS volume sizes on the fly, including changing the size and storage type.

A

False, you can!

69
Q

volumes will never be in the same AZ as the EC2 instance

T or F

A

false, they will always be in same AZ

70
Q

To move an ec2 volume from one region to another, take a snapshot of it, create an AMI from the snapshot and then copy the ami from one region to the other. then use the copied AMI to launch the new EC2 instance in the new region.

T or F

A

t

71
Q

You can select AMIs based on : pick 5:

region

OS

architecture (32 bit or 4 bit)

launch permissions

storage for the root device (instance store (ephemeral storage) (ebs backed volumes))

color

A

region

OS

architecture (32 bit or 4 bit)

launch permissions

storage for the root device (instance store (ephemeral storage) (ebs backed volumes))

72
Q

All AMIs are categorized as either backed by EBS or backed by __ ___

A

instance store

73
Q

For EBS volumes: the root device for an instance launched from the AMIs is an EBS volume created from an EBS snapshot

T or F

A

True

74
Q

FOr Instance store volumes: the root device for an instance launched from the ami is an instance store volume created from a template stored in s3.

t or f

A

t

75
Q

instance store volumes are sometimes called ____ ____

A

ephemeral storage

76
Q

___ ___volumes cannot be stopped. If the underling host fails, you WILL lose your data.

A

instance store

77
Q

___backed instances can be stopped. YOu will NOT lose the data on this instance if it is stopped.

A

EBS

78
Q

YOu can reboot both EBS and instance store volumes and not lose data.

T or F

A

T

79
Q

by default, both ___ volumes will be deleted on termination. However, with EBS volumes, you can tell AWS to keep the ___ device

A

root

root

80
Q

ENi =

A

elastic network interface

81
Q

what is an elastic network interface

A

essentially a virtual network card

82
Q

EN =

A

enhanced networking

83
Q

___ ____ uses single root IO virtualization (SR-IOV) to provide high performance networking capabilities on supported instance types.

A

enhanced networking

84
Q

___ ___ ___ a network device that you can attach to your EC2 instance to accelerate HIGH Performance COmputing and machine learning applications.

A

elastic fabric adapter

85
Q

These are the specs of what?

a primary private IPv4 address from the IPV4 address range of your VPC

one or more secondary private IPv4 addresses from teh IPv4 address range of our VPC

One elastic ip address (ipv4) per private ipv4 address

one public ipv4 address

one or more ipv6 addresses

one or more security groups

a MAC address

a source/destination check falg

a description

A

ENI

86
Q

scenarios for network interfaces:

create a management network

use network and security appliances in your VPC

create dual-homed instances with workloads/roles on distinct subnets

create a low budget, high-availbility solution.

T or F

A

T

87
Q

___ ____ uses single root IO virtualization (SR-IOV) to provide high performance networking capabilities on supported instance typoes. SR-IOV is a method of device virtualization that provides higher IO performance and lower CPU utilization when compared to traditional virtualized network interfaces.

A

enhanced networking

88
Q

___ ____ provides higher bandwidth, high packer per second(PPS) performance, and consistently lower inter-instance latencies. There is no additional charge for using ___ ___

A

enhanced networking

89
Q

use __ ___ where you want good network performance

A

enhanced networking

90
Q

___ ___ ___ supports network speeds of up to 100 GBPs for supported instance types.

A

elastic network adapter

91
Q

INtel 82599 ___ ___ interface, which supports network speeds of up to 10GBps for supported insance types. THis is typically used on older instances.

A

virtual function (VF)

92
Q

in scenario questions choose ena over VF if given the option

A

seriously. choose ENA

93
Q

a __ ___ ___ is a network device that you can attach to your EC2 instance to accelerate HIGH performance computing (HPC) and machine learning

A

elastic fabric adapter

94
Q

EFA provides ___ and more consistent latency and ___ throughput than the TCP transport traditionally used in cloud based HPC systems

A

lower, higher

95
Q

_______ enabled HPC and machine learning apps to bypass the OS kernel and to communicate directly with the EFA device. It makes it a lot faster with a lot lower latency. Not supported with WIndows currently, only Linux

A

OS-bypass

96
Q

Match each: ENI, Enahanced Network, Elastic Fabric Adaptor

for when you need to accelerate High performance computing and machine learning apps or if you need to do an OS by pass. if you see a scenario questiuon mentioning HPC or ML and asking what network adapter you want, choose this.

______

For basic networking. perhaps you need a separate management network to your production network or a separate logging network and you need to do this at a low cost. in this scnario use multiple ___ for each network.

______

For when you need speeds between 10GBps and 100GBps. anywhere you need reliable high throughput

A

Elastic Fabric Adapter

for when you need to accelerate High performance computing and machine learning apps or if you need to do an OS by pass. if you see a scenario questiuon mentioning HPC or ML and asking what network adapter you want, choose this.

ENI:

For basic networking. perhaps you need a separate management network to your production network or a separate logging network and you need to do this at a low cost. in this scnario use multiple ___ for each network.

Enhanced Network:

For when you need speeds between 10GBps and 100GBps. anywhere you need reliable high throughput

97
Q

T or F

snapshots of encypted volumes are encrypted automatically

A

T

98
Q

volumes restored from encrypted snapshots are NOT encrypted automatically

T or F

A

False they are encrypted automatically

99
Q

you can share snapshots, but only if they are unencyrpted

t or f

A

t

100
Q

these snapshots cna be shared with other AWS accounts or even made public

T or F

A

t

101
Q

you cna now encrypt root device volumes uppon creation of the ec2 instance

A

T

102
Q

old encryption method of unencrypted root volume:

create snapshot of root device volume

create a copy of snapshot and select the encrypt option

create an AMI from teh encrypted snapshot

use that AMI to launch new encrypted instances

A

Yes

103
Q

___ ____ let you take advantage of unused EC2 cap[acity in the aws cloud. ____ ___ are avialble at up to a 90% discount compared to on-demand prices. YOu can use ___ ___ for various stateless, fault-tolerant, or flexible apps, such as big data, containerized workloads, CI/CD, web servers, high performance computing (HPC) and other test and dev workloads.

A

spot instances

104
Q

The ___ spot price varies depending on region and capacity

A

hourly

105
Q

if the spot price goes above your max, you have ___ minutes to choose whether to stop or terminate your instance.

A

2

106
Q

To use spot instances, you must first decide on your max spot price. THe instance will be provisioned so long as the spot price is ___ your max spot price

A

below

107
Q

Use a ___ ___ to stop your spot instances form being temrinated even if the spot price goes over your max spot price. You can set ___ ____ for between ___ ___ hours.

A

spot blocks

spot blocks

one to six

108
Q

____ ___ are useful for the following tasks:

big data an analytics

containerized workloads

CI/CD and testing

web servers

image and media rendering

high performance computing

A

spot instances

109
Q

___instances are not good for:

persistent workloads

critical jobs

databases

A

spot

110
Q

a ___ ___ is a collection of spot instances and optionally on demand instances

A

spot fleet

111
Q

the spot fleet attempts to launch the number of spot instances and on demand instances to meet the target capacity you specified in the spot fleet request. the request for spot instances is fulfilled if there is available capacity and the max price you specified in the request ___ the current spot price. The spot fleet also attempts to maintain its target capacity fleet if your spot instances are interrupted.

A

exceeds

112
Q

T or F

spot fleets will trya nd match the target capacity with your price restraints

A

True

113
Q

launch pools:

setup different launch ____. define things like EC2 instance type, operating system, and AZ

you can have ____ pools, and the fleet will choose the best way to implement depending on the strategy you define

spot fleets will ___ launching instances once you reach your price threshold or capacity desire

A

pools

multiple

stop

114
Q

lowestprice; InstancePoolsToUseCount; diversified; capacityOptimized

match with descriptions:

the spot instances come from the pool with optimal capacity for the number of instances launching

___

the spot instances are distributed across the pools

___

the spot instances come from the pool with lowest price. default

___

the spot instances are distributed across the number of spot instance pools you specify. this parameter is valid only when used in combination with lowest price.

A

capacityOptimized - the spot instances come from the pool with optimal capacity for the number of instances launching

___

diversified - spot instances are distributed across the pools

___

lowestprice - spot instances come from the pool with lowest price. default

___

InstancePoolsToUseCount - spot instances are distributed across the number of spot instance pools you specify. this parameter is valid only when used in combination with lowest price.

115
Q

spot instances can save up to ___% of the cost of on demand instances.

A

90

116
Q

spot instances are useful for anytype of computing where you don’t need ___ storage

A

persistent

117
Q

you can block spot instances from terminating by using ___ ____

A

spot block

118
Q

a __ ___ is a collection of spot instances, and optionallyu on demand instances.

A

spot fleet

119
Q

___ saves the contents from the instance memory (RAM) to your ENS root volume. We persist the isntance’s EBS root volume and anyattache EBS data volumes.

A

Hibernation

120
Q

When you start your instance out of hibernation:

teh EBS root volume root volume is restored to its previous state

the ram contents are reloaded

the processes that were previously running the instance are resumed.

previously attached data volumes are reattached and the instance retains its instance ID

A

yes

121
Q

ec2 hibernate is good for:

long running processes

services that take time to initialize

A

yes

122
Q

to use hibernation the root volume must be encyrpted

t or f

A

t

123
Q

ec2 hibernate facts:

preserves the in memory ram on persistent storage

much faster to boot up because you dont need to reload the OS

instance RAM must be less than 150GB

instance families include c3, c4, c5, m3, m4, m5, r3, r4, and r5

available for windows, aws linux 2, ubuntu

instances can’t be hibernated for more than 60 days

A

yes

124
Q
  • EFS supports the network file system verison 4 (NFSv4) protocol
  • you only pay for the storage you use (no pre-provisioning required)
  • can scale up to the PB
  • can support thousands of concurrent NFS connections
  • data is stored across multiple AZs within a region
  • read after write consistency
A

yes

125
Q

instance metadata is used to get information about an instance. what can you get?

A

IP address

126
Q

what does this command do?

curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data

A

lists instance meta data

127
Q

what does this command do?

curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/user-data

A

gets instance user data

128
Q

This service is a managed windows server that runs SMB based file services

it is designed for windows and windows apps

it supports AD users, access control lists, groups and security policies, along with distributed file system (DFS) namespaces and replication.

A

Windows FSx

129
Q

FSx for ___ is a fully managed file system that is optimized for compute intensive workloads, sich as high perofrmance computing, machine learning, media data processing workflows, and electronic design automation (EDA)

A

Lustre

130
Q

with FSx, you can launch and run a ____ fiule system that can process massive data sets at up to hundreds of GB per second of throughput, millions of IOPS, and sub-millisecond latencies.

A

lustre

131
Q

FSx for Lustre can store data directly on S3

A

t

132
Q

a cluster ___ ____ is a grouping of instances within a single AZ. ___ ____ are recommended for apps that need low network latency, high network throughput, or both.

only certain isntances can be launched into a clustered __ ___

A

placement group

133
Q

a ___ placement group is a gorup of instances that are each placed on distinct underlying hardware.

A

spread

134
Q

____ placement groups are recommended for apps that have a small number of critical instances that shouldbe kept seprate from each other.

A

spread

135
Q

when using ____ placement groups, ec2 divides each group into logical segments. this uses multiple instances and isolates from hardware failure.

A

partition

136
Q

Match the placement group:

clustered, spread, partitioned

multiple ec2 instances HDFS, HBase, and Cassandra

Low Network Latency/ HIgh Network Throughput

Individual Critical EC2 intances

A

partitioned - multiple ec2 instances HDFS, HBase, and Cassandra

clustered - Low Network Latency/ HIgh Network Throughput

spread - Individual Critical EC2 intances

137
Q

a ___ placement group cannot span multiple Azs

A

clustered

138
Q

___ and ___ placement groups can span multiple AZs

A

spread and partitioned

139
Q

The name you specify for a placement group must be ____ within your AWS account.

A

unique

140
Q

only certain types of instances can be launched in a placement group

(compute optimized, GPU, memory optimized, storage optimized)

A

yes

141
Q

aws recommends _____ instances within clustered placement groups

A

homogenous

142
Q

you can merge placement groups

T or F

A

False, you cannot merge them

143
Q

you can move an existing instance into a placement group. before you move the instance, the instance must be in the stopped state. you cna move or remove an instance using the cli or sdk, you can’t do it via the console yet.

t or f

A

true

144
Q

___ ___ ___ is a network device you can attach to hyour ec2 instance to accelerate HPC and machine learning apps.

A

elastic fabric adapter

145
Q

aws ____ enables developers, scientists, and engineers to easily and efficiently run hundreds of thousands of batch computing jobs on aws.

A

batch

146
Q

aws batch supports multi node ____ jobs, which allows you to run a single job that spans multiple ec2 instances

A

parallel

147
Q

____ is an open source cluster mgmt tool that makes it easy for you to deploy and manage HPC clusters on aws.

A

parallel cluster

148
Q

____ ____ uses a simple text file to model and provision all the resources needed for your HPC apps in an automated and secure manner.

A

parallel cluster

149
Q

waf =

A

web application firewall

150
Q

___ lets you monitor the http and https requests that are forwarded to cloudfront, and app load balancer or API gateway.

it also lets you control access to your content.

A

WAF

151
Q

waf lives in what layer of OSI?

A

7

152
Q

WAF allows 3 types of behavior

  1. allow all requests except the ones you specify
  2. block all requests except the ones you specify
  3. count the requests that match the properties you specify
A

yes

153
Q

WAF characteristics you can use to block traffic:

ip addy

country

values in headers

strings in requests

length of requests

presence of SQL code that is malicious

presence of a script that is likely to be malicious

A

yes

154
Q

Network ACLs block malicious IPs

A

yes

155
Q

What are the 2 underlying Hypervisors for EC2?

A

Xen and Nitro

156
Q

You cana only run a max of ___ instances per AZ in a spread placement group

A

7

157
Q

Which AWS CLI command should I use to create a snapshot of an EBS volume?

A

aws ec2 create-snapshot