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EC2 Flashcards

1
Q

EC2

A

Web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud

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2
Q

EC2 Pricing Models

A

Dedicated, On Demand, Reserved and Spot

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3
Q

Dedicated Hosts

A

Physical EC2 Server; server-bound software licenses

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4
Q

On Demand

A

Pay fixed rate by the hour w/no commitment

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5
Q

Spot

A

Bidding; flexible start and end times

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6
Q

Reserved

A

Capacity reservation; 1/3 yr contracts

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7
Q

Reserved Pricing Types

A

Standard, Convertible and Scheduled

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8
Q

Spot instance termination

A

if terminated by AWS, you will not be charged for a partial hour of usage; if you terminate the instance, you will be charged

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9
Q

Termination Protection

A

Turned off by default, you must turn it on

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10
Q

What happens to the EBS root volume when instance gets terminated?

A

Default: Root EBS volume is deleted

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11
Q

What happens to other non root volumes when instances gets terminated?

A

remains, it has to be deleted manually

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12
Q

Can the EBS Root Volume of your default AMI be encrypted?

A

No but there are ways to do it

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13
Q

Can additional volumes be encrypted?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Inbound traffic default behavior

A

blocked

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15
Q

Outbound traffic default

A

allowed

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16
Q

When do changes for security groups take effect

A

immediately

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17
Q

Security group relation to EC2 instances

A

M:M

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18
Q

Security Group is STATEFUL

A

If you create an inbound rule, an outbound rule is created automatically (HTTP in, HTTP out). You don’t have to create it explicitly as part of the Security group Outbound rule.

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19
Q

Network Access Control Lists (NACL) are STATELESS

A

If you create an inbound rule, you have to create the outbound rule explicitly; it will not be created automatically

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20
Q

Blocking IP Addresses in Security Groups

A

cannot be done; it has to be done via the NACL

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21
Q

Specifying rules in Security Groups

A

only allow rules, not deny rules

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22
Q

EBS

A

Elastic Block Store - provides persistent block storage volumes for use with Amazon EC2 instances in the Cloud

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23
Q

Types of EBS Storage

A

GP (SSD), PI (SSD), Througput Optimised HDD, Cold HDD and Magnetic

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24
Q

GP SSD (Desc, Use Case, API Name, Volume Size, Max IOPS/Volume)

A

General purpose SSD, most work loads,gp2, 1 GiB- 16 TiB, 16,000

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25
Q

PI SSD (Desc, Use Case, API Name, Volume Size, Max IOPS/Volume)

A

High performance, Databases, io1, 4 GiB - 16 TiB, 64,000

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26
Q

Throughput Optimized HDD (Desc, Use Case, API Name, Volume Size, Max IOPS/Volume)

A

Low cost HDD for frequently accessed, throughput intensive workloads, Big Data& Data Warehouses, st1, 500GiB - 16 TiB, 500

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27
Q

Cold HDD (Desc, Use Case, API Name, Volume Size, Max IOPS/Volume)

A

Lowest cost HDD for less frequently accessed workloads, File Servers, sc1, 500 GiB - 16 TiB, 250

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28
Q

EBS Magnetic (Desc, Use Case, API Name, Volume Size, Max IOPS/Volume)

A

Prev gen HDD, Workloads where data is infrequently accessed, Standard, 1GiB - 1 TiB, 40-200

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29
Q

EC2 instance and EBS Volume AZ

A

They have to be in the same AZ to avoid lag

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30
Q

Volumes exist on

A

EBS (virtual hard disk)

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31
Q

Snapshots

A

exist on S3; photographs of the disk - point in time copies of Volumes

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32
Q

Snapshots are incremental

A

only the blocks that have changed since your last snapshots are moved to S3 (deltas)

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33
Q

Creating first snapshot

A

will take time to create

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34
Q

AMIs can be created from

A

Volumes and snapshots

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35
Q

Changing EBS volume sizes on the fly can be done for

A

can be done for size and storage

36
Q

How to move an Ec2 volume from one AZ to another

A
  1. Take a snapshot of it
  2. Create an AMI from the snapshot
  3. Use AMI to launch the Ec2 instance in the new AZ
37
Q

How to move an Ec2 volume from one region to another

A
  1. Take a snapshot of it
  2. Create an AMI from the snapshot
  3. Copy the AMI from one region to the other
  4. Use the copied AMI to launch the new Ec2 instance in the new Region
38
Q

Snapshots of encrypted volumes are

A

encrypted aumotatically

39
Q

Volumes restored from encrypted snapshots are

A

encrypted aumotatically

40
Q

When can you share snapshots

A

only if they are unecrypted

41
Q

How can you share snapshots

A

other AWS accounts or made public

42
Q

AMI can be selected based on

A
  1. Region
  2. OS
  3. Architecture (32/64)
  4. Launch Permissions
  5. Storage for Root Device
43
Q

2 types of storage for root device

A
  1. EBS - launched from the AMI that is an amazon EBS volume created from an Amazon EBS snapshot
  2. Instance Store - launched from the AMI that is an instance store volume created from a template stored in Amazon S3
44
Q

Instance store volumes are sometimes called

A

Ephemeral Storage

45
Q

Diff between instance store volume and EBS backed instance

A
  1. Instance store volumes cannot be stopped, if the underlying host fails, you will lose your data. EBS can be stopped and you will not lose data when stopped.
  2. By default, both root volumes will be deleted on termination but with EBS, you can tell AWS to keep the root device volume
46
Q

Similarity between EBS and instance store

A

You can reboot both, you will not lose your data

47
Q

Root device encryption by default

A

uencrypted

48
Q

If a snapshot is encrypted, can you unencrypt it?

49
Q

Steps to encrypt the root device volume

A
  1. Create a snapshot of the unencrypted root device volume.
  2. Create a copy of the Snapshot and select the encrypt option.
  3. Create an AMI from the encrypted snapshot
  4. Use that AMI to launch new encrypted instances
50
Q

Amazon Cloudwatch

A

is a monitoring service to monitor your AWS resources, as well as the applications that you run on AWS

51
Q

CloudWatch can monitor

A
  1. Compute - EC2 instances, Autoscaling Groups, Elastic Load Balancers, Route 53 Health Checks
  2. Storage & Content Delivery - EBS Volumes, Storage Gateways, CloudFront
52
Q

Host level metrics consists of

A
  1. CPU
  2. Network
  3. Disk
  4. Status Check
53
Q

AWS CloudTrail

A

increases visibility into your user and resource activity by recording AWS Management Console Actions and API calls.

54
Q

Difference between CloudWatch and CloudTrail

A

> Cloudwatch monitors performance (gym trainor) while cloudtrail monitors API calls in the AWS Platform (CCTV)
Cloudwatch = Performance; CloudTrail = Auditing

55
Q

CloudWatch with EC2 will monitor events every

A

5 mins by default (detailed monitoring can be turned on - 1 min intervals)

56
Q

Who is provisioning what resource in AWS such as S3 or EC2 – CloudTrail or CloudWatch?

A

CloudTrail

57
Q

Figuring out what the network throughput is or disk IO on your EC2 instance – CloudTrail or CloudWatch

A

CloudWatch

58
Q

What can you do with Cloudwatch?

A
  1. Dashboards
  2. Alarms
  3. Events
  4. Logs
59
Q

CLI

A

AWS Command Line Interface

60
Q

How can you use CLI to access your Ec2 instances

A

setup access in IAM

61
Q

Roles versus access key

A
  1. Roles are more secure
  2. Roles are easier to manage
  3. Roles can be assigned to an Ec2 instance after it is created using both the console & command line.
  4. Roles are universal - you can use them in any region.
62
Q

Bootstrap scripts

A

> run when an Ec2 instance first boots

> powerful way of automating software installs and updates

63
Q

Instance meta data

A

curl http://169.254.169.254/meta-data/

64
Q

Instance user data

A

curl http://169.254.169.254/user-data/

65
Q

Amazon EFS

A

a file storage service for Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances

66
Q

Can an EBS volume be shared by 2 EC2 instances?

67
Q

Can EFS volume be shared by 2 EC2 instances?

68
Q

EFS supports

A

NFSv4 protocol

69
Q

EFS storage

A

pay for the storage you use (no pre-provisioning required)

70
Q

EFS scale

71
Q

EFS can support # of concurrent NFS connections

72
Q

Data in EFS is stored across multiple AZs within a region - true or false

73
Q

EFS Consistency

A

Read after Write Consistency

74
Q

2 types of placement group

A
  1. Clustered

2. Spread

75
Q

Cluster placement group

A

grouping of instances within a single AZ

76
Q

Cluster placement group are recommended for

A

applications that need low network latency, high network throughput or both

77
Q

Spread placement group

A

group of instances that are each placed on distinct underlying hardware

78
Q

Spread placement group are recommended for

A

applications that have a small number of critical instances that should be kept separate from each other

79
Q

Diff between spread and clustered

A

Clustered can’t span multiple AZs but spread can

80
Q

Naming of placement group

A

must be unique within your AWS account

81
Q

Types of instances that can be launched in a placement group

A

Compute Optimized, GPU, Memory Optimized, Storage Optimized

82
Q

AWS recommends what to be placed in placement groups

A

homogenous instances

83
Q

Can you merge placement groups

84
Q

can you move an existing instance into a placement group

85
Q

How to move an existing instance into a placement group

A
  1. Create an AMI from your existing instance

2. Launch a new instance from the AMI into a placement group

EC2 (1 decks)

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